Travel Tips

Venezuela

2008-09-11T07:27:00.012-07:00

1. You'll find a wide variety of exotic plants and animals, including the jaguar, ocelot, tapir, armadillo, anteater, and the longest snake in the world, the anaconda!

2. Some basic information:

Time zone- GMT/UTC minus 4 hours (minus 5 hours in summer) Electricity: 110V, 60 Hz. Weights & measures: Metric

3. US nationals, Canadians, Australians, New Zealanders, UK nationals, South Africans and most Western and Scandinavian Europeans do not require a visa if they fly directly to Venezuela. Others require a visa.

4. The tourist season in Venezuela runs year-round so, theoretically, any time you visit is OK. However, the dry season is more pleasant for traveling, though some sights - including the famous Angel Falls - are certainly more impressive in the wet season.

5. Keep in mind the periods during which Venezuelans take their holidays. Particularly, visit friends and family over Christmas, Carnaval (several days prior to Ash Wednesday) and Semana Santa (Holy Week; the week before Easter Sunday). In these three periods, you'll have to plan ahead and do a little more legwork before you find a place to stay. On the other hand, these periods are colorful and alive with a host of festivities.

6. Health risks include cholera, dengue fever, hepatitis, malaria, and yellow fever.

7. The country's most exuberant festival is Carnaval. It is characterized by music, dancing, parades and masquerades… the flavor of the event varies from region to region. The town of Carúpano is famous throughout the country for its elaborately staged Carnaval. You're lucky if you get to see this.

8. Given the strong Roman Catholic character of Venezuela, other national celebrations are tied to the Christian calendar. Apart from Easter, Christmas and Corpus Christi, which are celebrated enthusiastically, there are many saints' days spread over the calendar year celebrated in various cities and towns.

9. Public Holidays fall on-

January 1 - New Year's Day

Before Easter Sunday - Maundy Thursday & Good Friday

April 19 - Declaration of Independence

May 1 - Labour Day

June 24 - Battle of Carabobo

July 5 - Independence Day

July 24 - Bolívar's Birthday

October 12 - Discovery of America

December 25 - Christmas

10. The Currency is bolívar (Bs). Venezuela was a very cheap country to travel in during the period of the fixed exchange rates, provided you came with US dollars and changed them in the black market. Since the bolívar was freed, there has been a massive increase in prices of goods and services. Still, travelers on a budget can easily get by on US$30-40 a day; if you are looking for more comfort expect to spend at least US$50, or more if taking a guided tour.

11. US dollars and American Express travelers' cheques are by far the most popular, so stick to them. Visa and MasterCard have the best coverage for both cash advances and for making payments in top-end hotels, restaurants and shops. You can change money at a bank or at a casa de cambio (authorized money-exchange office). Banks change cash and travelers' cheques, but casas de cambio deal only in cash. Lines for ATMs can be very long, especially the first Monday of the month, when many banks are closed, and the day before holiday weekends, when machines are often cashed-out by midmorning.

12. Most of the budget hotel accommodations are in the less salubrious suburbs, which are not always safe, especially at night. The best is probably Sabana Grande. Be sure to always keep your wits about you, as mugging and petty thefts have become rife in recent years.

13. Nightlife tends to be centered on the districts of Las Mercedes, El Rosal, La Floresta and La Castellana. Enjoy a beer at the Greenwich Pub, or catch some jazz at the Juan Sebastián Bar, one of the city's few authentic jazz venues.

14. Avensa (along with its offspring, Servivensa) was Venezuela's main domestic airline until it went bankrupt in 1999. It now operates on a reduced scale. Its place has been taken by Aeropostal, which has a network of routes servicing most major domestic destinations. There are half-a-dozen or so smaller carriers including Aserca, Laser and Avior, which service regional areas. The lack of railways means that buses are the primary forms of transport through most of Venezuela, and services are generally fast, efficient and comfortable. There are frequent buses from the main Caracas bus terminal to almost every corner of the country, and the high level of competition keeps prices fairly low.

15. Driving or motor biking gives you added flexibility, but it's expensive both to take a car into the country and to rent one while you're there. Additionally, be aware that road rules are rarely observed by local drivers, which could make the undertaking somewhat hazardous. Stops at National Guard and police checkpoints are common, and travelers should follow instructions and be prepared to show papers or be searched.

16. Local transport includes cheap but crowded bus services and inexpensive shared taxis. Caracas has a modern, efficient and cheap metro.

17. The country's climate is predominantly tropical, with a warm Temperate Zone extending along the coast. Venezuela's climatic zones are defined by rainfall rather than by differences in temperature. The dry season is more pleasant for traveling, particularly if you plan on hiking.

18. You'll discover that visual art and handicrafts are popular in Venezuela, but the country's most distinctive cultural outlet is probably its music, which is an eclectic blend of European, African and indigenous rhythms. Theater is growing in popularity, and there is an active literary scene, especially among the younger generation.

19. Venezuelan snacks and dishes (referred to as comida criolla) consist mainly of pancakes, chicken, pork, beef, soups and stews. Look out for restaurants that serve menú del día, a very cheap set meal consisting of soup and a main course. Local specialties include empanadas (deep-fried cornmeal turnovers with fillings of ground meat, cheese, beans or baby shark) and pabellón criollo (Venezuela's national dish, which consists of shredded beef, rice, black beans, cheese and fried plantain).

20. Venezuela's 40-odd national parks provide a great range of treks. Activities include mountaineering, hill trekking, rock climbing, hang-gliding, paragliding, snorkeling and diving.

If you plan to see some magnificent things… sights include Plaza Bolívar, with its 17th-century cathedral; the Casa Natal de Bolívar, birthplace of Simón Bolívar; Santa Capilla, a 19th-century neo-Gothic church modeled on Paris's Sainte Chapelle; the monumental Palacio de Miraflores, palace of former leader Joaquín Crespo; the sacred Panteón Nacional, where many eminent Venezuelans are interred; the Petares district, which has retained its historic colonial character; and the modern, bustling Parque Central, which provides a taste of modern Caracas.

United States of America (USA)

2008-09-11T07:27:00.010-07:00

1. Your ticket and visa will probably be taken care of by your travel department. However, check the date of expiry of your passport as well as the ECNR (Emigration Clearance Not Required). Many a traveler has been offloaded at the nth moment due to an oversight of ECNR.

2. The size and number of your suitcase/s and hand luggage should match the prescribed specifications. Most airports outside our country have a charge for the use of baggage trolleys. It is preferable to travel light with suitcases that you can wheel along.

3. Do not unofficially change your seat in the aircraft to sit near your friends. This creates problems for the airline staff regarding customer requests.

4. To avoid hassles on Day 1 in a new country, collect your foreign exchange in assorted denominations. Later, you will find that almost every establishment gives you change.

5. While traveling, keep in hand only the most important travel documents - passport, ticket. En route at stop-overs, put away your ticket and keep in hand only passport and your boarding passes. Do not mix up your boarding passes if you are traveling in multiple phases, changing aircraft. Preferably wear a jacket with large zipped or buttoned down front pockets that allow you access to your travel documents and keep your wallet safe while you are otherwise occupied. Take your time to check that you have collected all that you need from the front-desk official, and that you have left nothing behind. A little care at this point at every airport will save you a lot of tension and trouble during your journey.

6. The USA is an idiot-proof country. Take time to read sign boards and instructions carefully. Everything is explained very well. When in doubt, ask. There are help desks everywhere; people are also very helpful. Be sure to speak slowly. Ask simple direct questions.

7. If you are carrying electrical items, ensure that it is suited to the voltage specifications of the country.

8. It is not unusual for persons dining together to ask for individual checks at restaurants. Offer to pay for yourself unless you are sure of your host's intentions.

9. Pre-paid phone cards are extremely useful. Take time to read the instructions carefully; they are fool proof.

10. Shake hands with the women as well. Introduce yourself. Pronounce your name slowly. If you have a long second name, mention only your first name. It is considered okay to call persons in your group by their first name.

11. If you are a smoker, first check if smoking is permitted in your surroundings. Do not light up before asking the persons around you if you may. If permitted, remember to offer a cigarette to the ladies as well as the men in your group.

12. If you need to be dropped at some unknown location, either ask for directions or for a lift. Do not expect others to think for you.

13. Most restaurants have at least one vegetarian item on the menu. Ask for it if you have specific food preferences.

14. In restaurants, the portions are usually very large. If you are unable to finish your meal, you can have the rest packed. Almost everyone does this.

15. Practice eating with a fork, knife and spoon. You may have to attend lunches and dinners with your clients and colleagues. The Americans, however, eat freely with their fingers, particularly pizza.

16. Get used to using toilet paper. Though you are advised to travel light, ensure you have enough spare clothing to last a couple of days without laundry facilities, in case you are on the move. Hotels provide plastic laundry bags that come in handy to sort out your washed and unwashed clothes.

17. The Americans dine at hours that are unfamiliar to us Indians. Keep handy some fruit, candy bars or cookies (available in small packs at hotel lobbies, coffee tables and hotel rooms) for a light snack.

18. If traveling by subway or metro, obtain details of your route from colleagues or from the starting point of your journey by checking the map put up in every station. Try not to travel during peak hours or hours of remote travel.

Be alert and, above all, do not panic. The country is a melting pot of people from all parts of the world. There is surely someone who is more nervous than you are. Besides, you know English. You have nothing to fear, except fear itself!

England (UK)

2008-09-11T07:27:00.008-07:00

1. U.K is a safe country. Carry your credentials to be on the safer side. The society in Britain is conservative and the cultural aspects of the country ought to be respected. Besides general regulations that one has to follow, a certain code is maintained, as per the British culture.

2. Most places are well sign posted. If you want to go walking or driving to a really out-of-the-way place, buy a survey map of the area. These maps show practically every single building in the countryside.

3. Off the motorway you will find roundabouts everywhere. It is an art to drive round these roundabouts in the proper way. Before you enter the roundabout, make sure which exit you need to take. Then, make sure you are in the right lane before you enter, so you don't cross in front of other cars. Once on the roundabout if you can't decide where to go, make another circle and check the exit signs again.

4. Do expect traffic jams during rush hour. There are plenty of service stations along the road, selling petrol and refreshments. Toilet facilities are generally free. There are many free public toilets. Larger shops and supermarkets have free customer toilets.

5. Taxi services and buses are available. Expect horses on the smaller roads.

6. British people queue everywhere. At the bus stop, at the shop counter and at the bank. Don't expect a long conversation with a total stranger at the bus stop or in the bus.

7. British people play by the rules. Park your car at the proper parking spot. Be polite and respectful at all times to the elderly. Open the door for them. Offer them a seat in a full bus. Help an elderly lady to cross the road if she asks you.

8. Medical treatment is expensive, consult your doctor before traveling. Extreme climatic conditions may exist, ensure that you have proper clothes for the climate.

9. In general, the British are very polite. They do not readily question or complain in public. They are reluctant to give you negative comments, even when you ask for an honest opinion. Learn to read between the lines: 'That's an unusual outfit' might mean it's not very appropriate. 'That's an interesting argument' might mean 'I think you're quite wrong.' Etc.

10. Do wait at the door of a restaurant to be seated at a table. If there is a particular spot you prefer, you may politely ask the waiter if that table is available.

11. Britons are quite punctual, so be on time, wherever you go. They pay a lot of attention to good table manners. Even young children are expected to eat properly with knife and fork. It definitely is not done to use your hands while eating, except maybe at McDonald's or when eating sandwiches!

12. In general British people are quite reserved when greeting one another. Greeting can be a bright 'Hello' or 'Good morning', when you arrive at work. A firm handshake is customary when you are introduced to somebody new. On entering a full room of people, Britons don't shake hands or greet everyone in the room. They don't expect you to do it either. It is not rude, it's just how it is.

13. When you are invited at a Wedding/Christening or Christmas Party, quite often you have to pay for your own drinks.

14. Tipping is something personal. Some Britons only tip if the service is good. Some people always tip. If you are very dissatisfied about a meal or service you can leave without a tip, but do leave without making a fuss.

15. People don't like to bargain, not even at a market.

16. Clothing is normally quite relaxed. Office and working clothes are neat and traditional: extremes are dark two-piece suits for women, dark gray pinstriped suits for men, combined with a plain shirt and tie.

17. Invitations often provide a dress code:

18. British people are patriotic and proud of their heritage. National politics is important and is taken quite seriously in the UK.

Newspapers and magazines discuss national politics extensively. A lot of the debates in the House of Commons are shown live on TV. As a result, Britons are very involved in their national politics. Newspapers in the UK can roughly be split into two groups: the more serious papers (the broad sheets) and the papers full of gossip (the tabloids). Newspapers and magazines discuss the Royal Family extensively.

United Arab Emirates(UAE)

2008-09-11T07:27:00.007-07:00

1. The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a union of seven sovereign sheikdoms, formed when the British withdrew from the Gulf in 1971. It boasts mountains, beaches, deserts, camel racing, and the legendary duty free shopping of Dubai, all packed into a relatively small area.

2. If you only visit one country in the Gulf, the UAE is your best choice: it has the most relaxed entry regulations in the region, the best tourist infrastructure and it's extremely accessible to independent budget travelers as well.

3. The language spoken is Arabic and People belong to these sections: Arab (61%), South Asian (22%), Iranian (8%), other expatriates (9%).

4. British citizens and nationals of most Gulf countries do not require visas; Gulf citizens can stay as long as they want, while Britons can stay for up to three months. All other visitors are required to have visas.

5. Your hotel can sponsor you for a 15-day, nonrenewable transit visa or a one-month renewable visit visa.

6. Note that if your passport shows evidence of travel to Israel you will be denied entry to the UAE.

7. Some basic information- Time: GMT/UTC plus 4 hours. Electricity: 220V (240V in Abu Dhabi), 50Hz. Weights & measures: Metric.

8. The best time of the year to visit the UAE is between November and April, when the weather is at its best.

9. Religious holidays are tied to the Islamic Hijra calendar, so dates vary from year to year. Eid al-Fitr (the end of Ramadan), Eid al-Adha (Pilgrimage), Lailat al-Mi'raj (the Ascension of the Prophet), the Prophet's Birthday and the Islamic New Year are the main celebrations. Secular holidays include New Year's Day (1 January) and National Day (1 December).

10. The country's main international airports are in Dubai and Abu Dhabi, though an increasing number of carriers service Sharjah as well. Smaller international airports serve Ras al-Khaimah, Fujairah and Al-Ain.

11. There's a daily bus service between Dubai and Muscat in Oman, though the lack of a UAE border post on the road used by the bus can present visa problems for travelers.

12. There is no inter-city air or bus service between the seven emirates, so if you don't have your own car the only way to travel between emirates is by service taxi.

13. The Currency is UAE dirham.

14. The UAE is not a low-budget country, but it is possible to keep costs under control. You can change money at moneychangers or banks; moneychangers sometimes offer better rates than banks but they can be fussy about changing traveler's cheques. Credit cards are widely accepted and there are plenty of ATMs.

15. If you love activities, water sports are popular along the UAE's coast. Camel safaris can be arranged in Al-Ain. Desert safaris or 'wadi bashing', which involves zooming around the desert in a four Wheeler, can be organized in Dubai or Sharjah.

16. There isn't a lot to see in Dubai but it's the most easygoing city in the region, has the best nightlife and boasts copious opportunities for duty-free shopping.

17. It's worth spending a few days wandering through the souks (markets) and along the waterfront to take in the city's atmosphere.

18. Dubai boasts the highest international profile of all the Gulf cities, hosting world-class golf and tennis tournaments, horse racing and desert rallies. The highlight of the city's markets is Deira's gold souk, just northwest of the Abra dock.

19. If you're in Dubai to indulge in some serious shopping, you are in mall heaven. Dubai is on the UAE's northern coast, approximately 125 kms (80miles) east of Abu Dhabi, accessible from the capital by shared taxi and minibus.

The third largest of the seven emirates, Sharjah has some of the most interesting architecture in the country. Whether it is the largest mosque in the UAE, an interesting archaeological museum, a pocket-sized Disneyland or just the watchtowers you have them all here.

Turkey

2008-09-11T07:27:00.006-07:00

1. You will enjoy your visit to Turkey as the Turkish authorities give a high priority to protecting visitors.

2. Get adequate travel and medical insurance.

3. Carry details of prescribed medication or history of any illness, it may be crucial in an emergency.

4. Carry two passport sized photographs and a photocopy of your passport in case of loss. Enter next of kin details into the back of your passport.

5. Check the Foreign and Commonwealth Office Travel Advice before traveling.

6. Bring enough money or have access to backup funds.

7. Road conditions are not good and driving can be dangerous. Take care.

8. Exportation of antiques is strictly prohibited.

9. You will be detained by the authorities if caught smuggling or in possession of prohibited goods e.g. cigarettes.

10. Drug offences carry severe penalties. Do not get involved.

11. Do not photograph military installations or individuals if they are unwilling.

12. Do not overstay your visa, heavy financial penalties are enforced.

13. Street robbery is common in the major Istanbul tourist areas. Beware of approaches from strangers offering food and drink, which may be drugged.

14. Coastal tourist areas are great to see, but avoid traveling alone.

15. Consult the local authorities before visiting remote areas.

16. If you are traveling to south-east Turkey, exercise caution, keep to main roads and towns, and avoid travel at dusk or after dark. Take particular care when traveling by road.

17. Do not take photographs near military or official installations. Seek permission before photographing individuals.

18. You may obtain a multiple entry visitor's visa valid for three months at the port of entry on payment of ten pounds sterling, cash.

19. For further information on entry requirements, check with the Turkish Embassy. Overstaying your visa will result in a substantial fine upon departure.

Stay at hotels and guesthouses that have been approved by the Ministry of Tourism. Ministry approved hotels and guest houses are available from $US20 upwards per night. Look forward to your visit with enthusiasm.

Thailand

2008-09-11T07:27:00.005-07:00

1. You have heard of the much-acclaimed Thai cuisine. Try it this time. There are plenty of eat-outs and you will find them everywhere.

2. Check Foreign and Commonwealth Office Travel Advice before traveling.

3. Remember that the airport departure tax is not included in your ticket. Baht 500( may change) is payable on departure. No other currency is accepted.

4. Take care of your valuables at all times. Do not leave them out of sight or leave them unattended unless you are sure that they are safe.

5. Be on your guard against pickpockets and bag snatchers as you would be in any busy tourist resort.

6. Bring enough funds for your stay and your return. Bank transfers take time and if you miss your return flight, you may have to purchase another ticket to get home.

7. Ensure that your passport is stamped on arrival, especially if you cross over a land border. Enter next of kin details into the back of your passport. Reconfirm your return flight.

8. Take care if riding a motor cycle, as riding one in Thailand can be dangerous. The Thai law that safety helmets must be worn is widely ignored, and is a contributing factor in many tourist deaths each year. Remember that roads are not extremely safe.

9. Bear in mind local religious and cultural sensibilities - if in doubt take local advice.

10. Respect Thai customs. Buddha images are sacred and should be treated as such, even by foreigners. The Royal family is held in high esteem and the Thais will not tolerate foreigners being disrespectful to them.

11. Do not leave home without travel insurance, and ensure that it covers both medical treatment and unexpected losses/expenses (e.g. missing charter flight, losing passport, having cash and credit cards stolen).

12. Do not carry anything through customs for somebody else.

13. Do not use a guide who approaches you on the street, even if he appears to have genuine credentials. He will invariably be a tout. While arriving at Bangkok airport, use only use airport limousines or licensed taxis with yellow number plates from the official taxi rank. There is also a reliable airport bus service to the centre of Bangkok.

14. Take particular care when swimming off the coast of Phuket. Strong riptides have resulted in drowning many people. Take care during water sport activity.

15. No Drugs- the death penalty is common. Amphetamines are regarded as a Class A drug and possession/trafficking of it carries the same penalties as, for example, heroin.

16. Entry to Thailand is normally refused to visitors holding passports with less than six months validity. Overstaying visas without the proper authority is a serious matter and visitors can be held in detention until a fine is paid.

17. Medical treatment can be very expensive. Take particular care of your passport, as passport theft is common. Passports should not be given to third parties such as hotel owners, vehicle hire shops etc.

There has been an increase in recent months in sophisticated gem swindles involving foreign tourists. There are no government gem shops. Do not purchase gems or gold from other than well established jewelry shops.

Taiwan

2008-09-11T07:27:00.004-07:00

1. Check the Foreign and Commonwealth Office Travel Advice before embarking on your trip.

2. If you are entering Taiwan under the 14-day visa waiver, you should ensure that your passport is valid for at least 6 months before entering.

3. If you hold a passport with less than 6 months validity, the Immigration Service will refuse you entry.

4. 14 -day landing visas cannot be extended. Some visas issued by Taipei representative offices overseas may not be extended in Taiwan. Check the visa for this endorsement.

5. You should contact your physician about inoculations prior to visiting.

6. Take adequate comprehensive travel insurance. Hospitalization, medication etc is expensive.

7. Have adequate money for your stay. Bank transfers can be slow.

8. Drug trafficking carries the death penalty in Taiwan.

9. Beware of petty thieves, particularly pickpockets on the MTR (Mass Transit Railway system). For residents setting up home in more rural areas - be aware, house burglaries are becoming increasingly common in the mountainous suburbs of Taipei.

10. Keep personal belongings in a safe place.

11. Small-scale petty crime exists but is not commonplace. Be alert crossing roads, even on protected crossings.

12. Check local conditions before setting off, particularly during heavy rain.

13. The Chiang Kai Shek (CKS) International Airport remains open. Flights are subject to severe delays and cancellation due to the bad weather.

14. Check with airlines before embarking on trips.

15. The smuggling of narcotics carries the death penalty.

16. If you are entering Taiwan, under the 14-day visa waiver ensure that your passport is valid for at least 6 months before entering. (Those holding passports with less than 6 months validity will be refused entry by the Immigration Service. )

Switzerland

2008-09-11T07:27:00.003-07:00

1. If you feel the need to experience irresistible chocolates, cuckoo clocks, yodeling Heidis', humorless bankers, international bureaucracies and an orderly, precise country that works against a spectacular mountainous backdrop, Switzerland is the place to head for.

2. Switzerland may be neutral but it is certainly not flavorless. The fusion of German, French and Italian ingredients has formed a robust national culture, and the country's Alpine landscapes have enough zing to reinvigorate the most jaded traveler.

3. Languages spoken are German, French, Italian & Romansch- it would be an added advantage, if you know any these foreign languages.

4. Citizens of Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, South Africa, the UK and the USA do not require a visa. A maximum stay of three months applies.

5. Some basic information- Time: GMT/UTC plus one hour. Electricity: 220 volts, 50 Hz. Weights & measures: Metric.

6. You may be prone to Altitude sickness, sunburn and hypothermia (cold weather injury due to low temperature). So watch out!

7. Summers last roughly from June to September and offer the most pleasant climate for outdoor pursuits. Unfortunately, you won't be the only tourist during this period, so prices can be high, accommodation hard to find and the mainstream sights crowded. You will find fewer crowds in April-May and late-September-October.

8. If you're keen on winter sports, resorts in the Alps begin operating in late-November till April.

9. The main entry points for international flights are Zürich and Geneva. Basel, Bern and Lugarno airports also receive international flights.

10. Switzerland has a fully integrated and comprehensive public transport system incorporating trains, buses, boats and cable cars that will help you get around in comfort.

11. The Currency is Swiss franc.

12. Costs are higher in Switzerland than anywhere else in Europe.

13. All major travelers' cheques and credit cards are accepted and a commission is not charged for changing cash or cheques.

14. Tipping is rarely necessary, as hotels, restaurants and bars are required by law to include a 15% service charge. Even taxi fares normally have a service charge included.

15. There are dozens of ski resorts throughout the Alps. Hiking is the number-one activity in the country, with 50,000 kms of designated footpaths and regular refreshment stops en route. There are well-established mountaineering resorts that also offer paragliding and hang-gliding and hire out the gear.

16. Water-skiing, sailing and windsurfing are common on most lakes. Rafting is possible on many alpine rivers, including the Rhine.

17. Swiss folk culture includes yodeling, playing the alp horn and Swiss wrestling. However, do not indulge in any of these after a night in a Swiss tavern!

18. Swiss dishes borrow from the best of German and French cuisine. Cheeses form an important part of the Swiss diet and of course there are the famous Swiss chocolates!

19. If you plan to drive, remember that if you fail the driving test three times in Switzerland, you have to see a psychologist!

The Swiss have won more Nobel Prizes and registered more patents per capita than any other nation on earth. Interestingly enough, the cuckoo clock, which is usually credited to them was actually invented by the Germans!

Spain

2008-09-11T07:27:00.002-07:00

1. Did you know that Spain is the home to some of the finest art galleries in the world. The Prado in Madrid has few rivals, and there are outstanding art museums in Bilbao, Seville, Barcelona, Valencia, and Cordoba. Make it to these places.

2. For your information, most towns and villages have tourist offices (oficina de turismo) that supply maps and basic information. The travel agency TIVE, with offices in major cities throughout Spain, specializes on discounted tickets and travel arrangements.

3. English isn't widely spoken. Spaniards are friendly people- tolerant and easy going. Very easy to get along with… you'll get fond of them.

4. Respect Spanish customs regulations. Check Foreign and Commonwealth Office Travel Advice before traveling.

5. The New Spaniards by John Hooper is a fascinating summary of the modern Spanish society and culture. Reading one would surely benefit you.

6. ATM's accept a wide variety of cards in Spain. Spain is an affordable country. If you spend your money carefully, there will be no strain on your money belt.

7. Banks are open on weekdays from 8.30am to 2pm, Saturday to 1.00pm. They generally give better exchange rates than currency exchange offices.

8. Arrest for drunken behaviour can lead to prison sentences.

9. Take care of your belongings at all times. Leave your tickets and passport in a safe place. Bring enough money with you for your stay and return. Money transfers can take a little time to arrange and if you miss your return charter flight you may need to buy another ticket.

10. Take comprehensive travel insurance, which provides for medical repatriation in the event of an illness, as well as for unexpected losses, e.g. luggage and credit cards.

11. Take particular care if you are driving. Traffic fines are heavy and must be paid on the spot. As a pedestrian, you should take care particularly when crossing or walking along unlit roads at night.

12. Following the withdrawal of duty free facilities within the European Union, customs authorities in all member countries have introduced guidance levels for the importation of tobacco, alcohol and other products purchased by visitors for their own use.

13. If you make a purchase more than the amount specified by the Customs, you must be able to satisfy Customs Officers at both the points of departure and arrival that the goods are for their personal use.

14. It is a requirement that you must be able to show some form of identity if requested to do so by, for example the police. It is permissible to carry photocopies of the relevant pages of passports to avoid losing the original, which should be kept in a safe place.

15. You can expect a trouble-free holiday, with the possible hitch being robbery. Pickpocketing and handbag snatching are common in some of the larger Spanish cities and towns. Passports, credit cards, travel tickets and money should not be carried together in handbags or pockets.

16. You should be wary of approaches by strangers either asking for directions or asking for help of any kind. These approaches are sometimes ploys to distract attention while accomplices make off with valuables or possessions.

17. You should take particular care when driving as regulations are different Take care particularly when crossing, or walking along, unlit roads at night.

If you are curious to know about the popular bull-fighting… Bullfighting is enjoying resurgence despite continued pressure from international animal rights activists. It is considered as a complex activity that is an art form.

Contacts-Spain

TIME ZONE

Mainland Spain and Balearics GMT + 1 (GMT + 2 during the summer)

TELEPHONE SERVICES

Country Code: 34
IDD: International Direct Dialling is available
Outgoing Code: 07

EMERGENCY TELEPHONE NUMBERS

Dial 112
Additional local numbers:-Police - 091; Fire / Ambulance (Bomberas) - 085

LOCAL TOURIST INFORMATION

Direccion General de Turespaña; Jose Lázaro Galdiano 6; 28036 Madrid;
Spain Tel: (1) 343 3500 Fax: (1) 343 3446.

PASSPORT INFORMATION

Valid passport required by all except: Nationals of EU countries with valid national ID cards and nationals of Austria; Belgium; France; Luxembourg; The Netherlands and Portugal whose passports expired less than 5 years. Nationals of Germany and the UK with passports expired less than 1 year. Nationals of Andorra; Iceland; Liechtenstein; Malta; Monaco; Netherland Antilles and Switzerland holding valid national ID cards or expired passports (maximum 5 years). Requirements may be subject to short-term change. Contact the relevant authority before departure. It is advisable to have a return ticket. If you have no return ticket you may be asked for sufficient proof of funds to finance your stay.

VISA INFORMATION

Required by all except Nationals of Aruba; Bolivia; Bonaire; Colombia; Costa Rica; Croatia; Curacao; Ecuador; El Salvador; Guatemala; Honduras; Kenya; Malaysia; Nicaragua; Panama; Paraguay; Singapore; Suriname and Venezuela for up to 3 months. Nationals who do not require a visa to visit a country which is a signatory to the Schengen agreement.

PROHIBITED ITEMS

Narcotics and firearms.

AIRPORT DEPARTURE TAX

Not present.

HEALTH MATTERS

Typhoid, Malaria, Yellow Fever.

FOOD AND DRINK

Water is considered drinkable; normal precautions should be observed with food.

CURRENCY

Peseta (Pta) Exchange: Any banks and most travel agencies.
NOTE: Import and export of local currency is subject to the amount of declaration if the amount exceeds Pta 1000000 and the amount exported must not exceed the amount declared on arrival. All major credit cards are accepted. Travelers cheques in Sterling pounds can be easily exchanged.
ATM availability: Over 35 000 locations.

MONEY WIRING SERVICES

MoneyGram: 900 96 1218. Western Union: (95) 205 0219

CREDIT CARD EMERGENCY NUMBERS

Amex: +44 1273 696933
Diners Club: (43) (1) 5474000
Spain Visa: 900 95 1125

TRAVELERS CHEQUES EMERGENCY NUMBERS

Spain Thomas Cook: 900 99 4403

BANKING HOURS

0900 - 1400 Mon. to Fri; 0900 - 1300 Sat (except during the summer).

COST OF LIVING

Similar prices to other Western European countries.

LANGUAGES

Spanish (Castillan); Catalan; Galician and Basque.

WEATHER

Varies from Temperate in the North to hot and dry in the South. The best months are from April to Oct although it can be excessively hot between July and August except at the coastal regions. The central plateau can be extremely cold during the winter.

RELIGIONS

Roman Catholic is the majority.

PUBLIC HOLIDAYS

2000: Jan 01; 06. Apr 01; 21-24. May 01. June 22; 24. July 25. Aug 15. Oct 12. Nov 01. Dec 01; 08; 25.
2001: Jan 01; 06. Apr 13-16. May 01. Aug 15. Oct 12. Nov 01. Dec 06; 08; 25. .

POST

5 days. All facilities are available at main post offices.

RADIO FREQUENCIES

BBC: 15.58 12.09 9.410 6.195 VOA: 9.760 6.040 5.995.

WOMEN IN SOCIETY

Spanish women retain traditional values in rural areas; but many of the formerly strict religious and social customs are becoming slightly more relaxed; particularly in urban and tourist regions. Spain is one of the safest countries for women to travel in.

TRANSPORT

RAIL: Most cities are well served. It is mainly a radial service with connections between Madrid and all the major cities. The Spanish rail system is one of the cheapest in Europe. Discounts and special concessions can be found.
ROAD: Motorways are well maintained and connect North and South. Trunk roads between major cities are general well maintained.
BUS: Services run between towns and are cheap and efficient.
CAR HIRE: all major companies have agencies.

Singapore

2008-09-11T07:27:00.001-07:00

1. Lying almost on the equator, Singapore is a thriving city-state where the crowded streets of Chinatown, fortunetellers, calligraphers and temple worshippers are still a part of everyday life. You are going to feel at home- that's guaranteed!

2. Want to know the legend behind the symbol of Singapore? According to Malay legend, a Sumatran prince had encountered a lion - considered a good omen - on Temasek, prompting him to found Singapura, or Lion City. However, lions had never inhabited Singapore (more likely the prince had seen a tiger)!

3. The Languages spoken are English, Malay, Mandarin and Tamil.

4. Most Western nationals either do not require a visa at all or do not require a visa for a social stay of up to 90 days. A 30-day permit is issued on arrival and extensions are difficult to obtain.

5. Some basic information- Time: GMT/UTC+8. Electricity: 220-240V, 50 Hz. Weights & measures: Metric with local variations.

6. Go there anytime. Climate is not a major consideration, as Singapore gets fairly steady annual rainfall.

7. Thaipusam is one of the most spectacular festivals, celebrated around February. Don't miss this amazing festival if you happen to go that time.

8. If shopping and eating are your major concerns, July is a good month as the Singapore Food Festival and Great Singapore Sale are held then.

9. A host of airlines fly into Singapore's ultramodern Changi international airport - often voted one of the best airports in the world. You could also travel between Malaysia and Singapore by bus or taxi.

10. Singapore has a comprehensive bus network with frequent services and a convenient Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) subway system. There are facilities for luxurious tours around the harbor.

11. Rickshaws have disappeared from Singapore's main streets, but can still be found operating in Chinatown and back streets. Make sure that you agree on a fare beforehand.

12. The Currency is the Singapore dollar.

13. Singapore is much more expensive than any other Southeast Asian country. All major credit cards are widely accepted. ATMs are widespread, although it's probably still a good idea to take cash and travelers' cheques for emergencies. You will find moneychangers in shopping centers all over Singapore.

14. Chinese New Year, in January or February, is welcomed in with dragon dances, parades and much good cheer. The Dragon Boat Festival, held in May or June, commemorates the death of a Chinese saint who drowned himself in protest against government corruption. It is celebrated with boat races across Marina Bay.

15. The Festival of the Hungry Ghosts is usually celebrated in September. This is when the souls of the dead are released for feasting and entertainment on earth. Chinese operas are performed for them and food is offered; the 'ghosts' eat the spirit of the food but thoughtfully leave the substance for the mortal celebrants!

16. The expression 'shop till you drop' was probably first heard in Singapore, where shopping centers offer a mind-boggling choice of shops and stores. Singapore is also known as the food capital of Asia, so sampling the local cuisine is an experience in itself.

17. Singapore is a compact area with many of its star attractions within walking distance of the city district.

18. Singaporeans are very techno-savvy. More than 40 per cent of Singaporean families have Internet access and 60 per cent own home computers.

19. Word of warning- watch out for Singapore's draconian laws that entail very heavy fines for littering, jaywalking, breaking road rules and just about anything. They go a long way, however, in making Singapore the spotlessly clean and orderly place that it is.

Singapore may have traded in its rough-and-ready opium dens and pearl luggers for towers of concrete and glass, and its steamy rickshaw image for hi-tech wizardry, but you can still recapture the colonial era with a gin sling under the languorous ceiling fans at Raffles Hotel. It is this carefully stage-managed combination of Western modernity and treasured Eastern and colonial past that makes Singapore such an accessible slice of Asia.

South Africa

2008-09-11T07:27:00.000-07:00

1. Check with the embassy before traveling. It is a safe practice to keep your documents in a secure place. Take care of your belonging at all times. That is a great way to start off your trip.

2. Crime is a problem, but by following a few simple rules it is possible to enjoy this magnificent country with minimal threat to life and limb. Ignorance and a lack of information is one of the biggest problems, and because of this, travelers miss out on so much or land up in dangerous situations by blindly following the usual brochures and information leaflets.

3. Do not walk on the beaches alone, and don't leave valuables on the beach whilst you are swimming, as theft is rife. Keep valuables hidden whilst walking around the center of Cape Town. Do not wear flashy/ expensive jewelry that can be seen - it may get ripped off. Close your bag to prevent pickpockets grabbing your stuff.

4. After you've taken these measures for a great trip, its time for fun! If you want a lovely beach and warm water the place to go is Buffel's Bay in the Cape of Good Hope Nature Reserve. The entrance fee is R20 per person.

5. A relatively new 'adrenalin activity' in Cape Town is jet boat riding. Instead of doing the regular tame boat trips out of the waterfront, one can see the same scenery but at 130 km an hour and experience the thrill at the same time. At around R100 for an hour trip, it is money well spent.

6. Robben Island is a place, which assumes great importance in the freedom struggle of South Africa. If you purchase a ticket for Robben Island, you are automatically pre-booked on to a return ferry three hours later. This means that you will be on the island for about two and half-hours. This provides enough time for the guided tours. If you would like to explore the island or the prison at your own leisure, make sure that you request a later return ferry crossing. There is also an information center on the dock at Robben Island. Try to pop in there and pick up some very useful leaflets before boarding one of the coaches for the guided tour of the island. The leaflets certainly make it easier to explore, whilst also providing details of the flora and fauna that can be seen.

7. In Robben Island, the departure point has moved, and the cost is R100. It is well worth the trip, but check the return times near the end of the day, because the staff goes home on the 4 pm boat. There is only one Tour Company authorized to stop and tour the island. People are whisked away by other tour operators and given a boat ride around the island.

8. Cape Town: if you go up to Table Mountain for the sunset and want to leave right afterwards, be prepared to wait in a crushing line to return to the bottom in the cable car. It would be worthwhile leaving a few minutes before the sun goes down.

9. Visit reputable pubs in the better suburbs, and chat with the locals and waiters, you will glean loads of valuable information on where to go and what to do in safety. Price-wise, these pubs are invariably cheaper than the usual tourist haunts, and the locals love to talk about their town or country and what it has to offer.

10. Indulge in Whale watching: keep a lookout at Clifton Beach; whales were spotted there in early January.

11. If you need information, you can find it on the website safarinow.com.

12. You could usually get a room by booking a day or two ahead. There are Internet cafés everywhere.

13. If you intend to go to Kruger National Park, do consider staying overnight in the park, as the cost of re-entering the next day is very high. Consider staying at a cheaper place near the park. The wildlife is concentrated in the middle to south side of the park. Also, it's not possible to visit the Thulamela archaeological site in the north of the park unless you book at a lodge - (e.g. Punda Maria- check this out! Really!)

14. You must know this -The tourist information office in Cape Town has moved from the central station, to the crossing of Castle and Burg Streets.

15. It is known that 1st and 2nd class train travel must be booked at least 24 hours in advance, but it must also be paid for 24 hours in advance or else the reservation is terminated. The booking folks won't take your credit card number over the phone so if you are not planning to be in the city from which you are taking the train until it's time to go, you will need to go to a travel agent.

16. Don't let white South Africans make you paranoid about using public transport. Only black South Africans use it. It's quite safe, provided you use it during the day.

17. You should rest after arriving on a long overseas flight, instead of jumping straight into a strange vehicle in a strange country and setting off to drive about 500 km. Also, carry cell phones in case of breakdowns.

18. Car hire for travel is an excellent option, but there are many "do's" and "don'ts": it's best to travel with a cell phone, and if possible, temporarily join the local automobile association, which can be contacted in the event of any emergency. They are excellent, providing on-call service throughout most of the country. Stopping alongside the road in lonely areas is not recommended unless you have a clear view around you and view sites where there are other people around - nothing to get paranoid about, but worth the precaution. If you're driving cross-country, carry a cell phone, along with the emergency numbers of your rental Car Company and friends. It's a beautiful country, but not when you're scared. Renting a car certainly makes travel easier. It's worth hunting around on the Internet to get a good price.

19. Petrol stations do not accept credit cards. There are also no self-service pumps. A tip of R1-2 for the service attendant is customary.

20. Since most South African cars are manual, be sure to ask for an automatic if you are not familiar with manual shifts. In most parking lots and on the streets, you will find "parking attendants" who will look after your car. These attendants are mostly Car Watch volunteers (a project to help the high levels of unemployment in the country). Although tips are not compulsory, it is in your best interest to do so. A tip of R1-2 is sufficient.

21. All kinds of cattle on the road are undoubtedly danger. With speed limits up to 120km/h, it's a real fright to find a cow in front of the car. It was found that sheep and goats respond to the sound of a horn, but cows don't.

22. Beware of an ATM scam! There have been instances, when strangers have offered to help, posing as employees of the bank and done away with money.

Table Mountain is great for hiking, but take care, a wonderful day hike in the Blyde River Canyon area is the Belvedere Day Walk down into the canyon. You have to sign in at the visitor center and they don't let you start after 12 noon. It's about a five-hour hike to go down and back and it has beautiful scenery.

During your stay, there are many interesting things to do in Langebaan, namely in the West Coast National Park. Every Sunday morning you can take a boat trip to Malghas Island and see its colony of penguins, as well as Jutten Island, which houses a huge colony - nearly 70,000. It is really amazing to get so close to such a big colony of birds. Also, there is a very nice one and two day walking trail in the Postberg section of the West Coast National Park.

Poland

2008-09-11T07:26:00.017-07:00

1. Small local feasts, fairs and contests occur throughout Poland, with a pleasing glut in early summer and early autumn. You are lucky to if you get to see that.

2. Forget about flying within Poland unless you're trying to launder money. The trains are pretty good and where they don't go the buses do.

3. Rural Poland is quite conducive to cycle touring, being mostly flat and relatively quiet, but the urban areas are bike-unfriendly with few dedicated paths and many hostile motorists.

4. Poland is still a cheap country for travelers. Your money will generally be safe while you're travelling in Poland. Cheques are reasonably easy to exchange wherever you go, but you'll get a slightly better rate with cash. Credit cards are becoming more useful - you can use them to pay for up-market hotels and restaurants, car rentals and long-distance transport. You can also get cash advances with the major cards.

5. If you intend to remain in Poland for a period up to three months, you do not require visas.

6. While driving, or taking a cab, if you are flagged down, do not stop but continue to the nearest police station to report the matter.

7. Extra caution should be exercised when traveling on the buses or trams to and from Warsaw Airport as thieves target these routes.

8. Poland is a major east-west transit route for heavy vehicles. Even major roads can be narrow, crowded and the surfaces crinkled and rutted. Driving long distances at night out of the main centres is not recommended.

9. Make sure you are fully covered for medical treatment.

10. Ensure that you are covered for unexpected losses or expenses (eg. cancelled flights, lost luggage, lost passport, stolen cash or credit cards).

11. Check with Foreign and Commonwealth Office Travel Advice before traveling.

12. Keep passport, money, tickets and valuables in a safe place.

13. Check Polish customs regulations before bringing in or taking out funds in excess of 5,000 Euros (approximately £3,000). Declare the currency to Customs on arrival.

14. It is advisable to get a Customs declaration even if you are importing less than 5,000 Euros.

15. Some banks require a Customs statement when you are opening a bank account. Change money at banks or legal foreign exchange offices called Kantor.

16. Don't drink and drive. Permitted alcohol levels are very low and in practice equal zero tolerance.

17. Don't travel on public transport without a ticket. The ticket must be punched immediately after boarding the bus or tram. On the metro, ticket punchers are located on the wall before you cross the line ticket zone.

18. Book a hotel room prior to arrival. Increasing numbers of tourists are visiting Poland and the hotels in major cities are usually booked in advance.

19. Polish winters are long and hard. Summers can be extremely hot, so keep your cool and chill out in your own way!

20. You must try the food. Polish food is hearty and filling, with thick soups and sauces, abundant in potatoes and dumplings, rich in meat (but not in vegetables.) Characteristic ingredients are dill, marjoram, caraway seeds and wild mushrooms; favourite dishes include bigos (sauerkraut and meat) and barszcz (beetroot soup). There are four daily meals in Poland: an early breakfast, a light snack for second breakfast, a substantial lunch taken after work, and a small supper before bed. Tea and vodka are the favoured Polish beverages, both consumed with fervour, but to somewhat differing effect.

With a strongly Roman Catholic population, Christian celebrations are of huge importance. This is particularly evident during Christmas and Easter, but any Sunday is a good day for getting a taste of Polish devoutness and religious fervour. All the churches (and they are truly in good supply) fill up beyond their capacity during the Sunday masses.

Contacts-Poland

TIME ZONE

GMT + 1 (GMT + 2 during the summer)

TELEPHONE SERVICES

Country Code: 48
IDD: International Direct Dialling is available
Outgoing Code: 00

EMERGENCY TELEPHONE NUMBERS

Police - 997; Fire - 998; Ambulance - 999.

LOCAL TOURIST INFORMATION

Warszawskie Centrum Informacji Turystycznej (Warsaw Information Centre); Zamkowy Square 1/13; 00-26 Warsaw Tel: (22) 635 1881 Fax: (22) 8310 464.

PASSPORT INFORMATION

Valid passport required by all. Requirements may be subject to short-term change. Contact the relevant authority before departure.

VISA INFORMATION

Required by all except: Nationals of the UK for tourists or business visits not exceeding 6 months. Nationals of all other EU countries for periods not exceeding 90 days. Nationals of Andorra; Argentina; Bolivia; Costa Rica; Croatia; Cyprus; Czech Republic; Honduras; Iceland; Liechtenstein; Latvia; Lithuania; South Korea; Malta; Monaco; Nicaragua; Norway; San Marino; Slovak Republic; Slovenia; Switzerland; Uruguay; and the USA for visits not exceeding 90 days. Nationals of Bulgaria; Cuba; Estonia Hungary; Macedonia; (FYROM); Mongolia; Romania; for visits not exceeding 30 days Nationals of CIS countries providing they hold an official invitation or vouchers from travel agencies (except nationals of Uzbekistan) who do require a visa.

PROHIBITED ITEMS

Any work of art and antiques can not be exported from Poland.

AIRPORT DEPARTURE TAX

US$ 10 levied on all international travel.

HEALTH MATTERS

Typhoid, Malaria, Yellow Fever.
Other Health Risks: Rabies, Tick-borne encephalitis.

FOOD AND DRINK

Water is untreated and not safe to drink.

CURRENCY

Zloty (Zl) = 100 grozy. Exchange: border crossing points; hotels.

NOTE: Import and export of local currency by non-residents is prohibited. All major credit cards and travelers cheques are accepted. Travelers cheques in German Deutschmarks are preferred.
ATM availability: Over 500 locations.

MONEY WIRING SERVICES

MoneyGram: Single location in the capital city. Western Union: (22) 636 5688

CREDIT CARD EMERGENCY NUMBERS

Amex: +44 1273 696933
Diners Club: (48) (22) 274513
Poland Visa: (1) 410 581 9091

TRAVELERS CHEQUES EMERGENCY NUMBERS

Poland Thomas Cook: +44 1733 318950 Poland

BANKING HOURS

0800 - 1800 Mon. to Fri.

COST OF LIVING

Not cheap.

LANGUAGES

Polish.There is a German-speaking minority. English and French may also be spoken.

WEATHER

Temperate climate with warm summers and cold winters. Rain falls throughout the year.

RELIGIONS

Mainly Roman Catholic. The remaining speak mainly Polish Orthodox.

PUBLIC HOLIDAYS

2000: Jan 01. Apr 24. May 01; 03. Jun 22. Aug 15. Nov 01; 11.
Dec 25-26.
2001: Jan 01. Apr 16. May 01; 03. Jun 14. Aug 15. Nov 01; 11.
Dec 25-26.

POST 4 days. Poste Restante facilities are available throughout the country.

RADIO FREQUENCIES

BBC: 15.07 12.09 6.195 3.955 VOA: 9.670 6.040 5.995 1.197

WOMEN IN SOCIETY

Conservatism prevails among older women; but younger women have a liberal outlook on society. If traveling alone, take the usual precautions.

TRANSPORT

BUS: There are good regional bus and coach services.
CAR HIRE: Various car rental agencies operate and rental also available at the airport.

Russia

2008-09-11T07:26:00.016-07:00

1. The language of the state business and the native tongue is Russian, of over half the population. Guides are available, if you wish to get the hang of it.

2. Adventure travel in Russia could be the next big thing. You can hook up with adventure travel groups based in many Russian cities and towns.

3. Winter temperatures drop to -65 degrees, bring clothes that protect you from extreme winter.

4. You should be vigilant…keep money and valuables out of sight. As with most large cities, Russian cities have their fair share of petty crime. Beware of groups of women, children (who beg) and pickpockets around, who target tourists.

5. Take care when drinking with casual acquaintances and try not to leave drinks unattended when visiting bars/restaurants as they may be drugged.

6. In case of Drugs, penalties are severe. Do not drink and drive, the Russian police enforce a zero tolerance policy. You need to exercise increased vigilance in public places particularly where access is not controlled e.g. open-air events, markets etc.

7. Use officially marked taxis and do not share them with strangers.

8. An exit visa is included with the entry visa. Loss of exit visas may prolong stays while sponsors are contacted and replacements issued. Do not attempt to leave the country without an exit visa.

9. You should register your visa within three days of arrival in Russia with the local branch of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Most major hotels will do this automatically. It is not necessary to register a visa if the visit is for only two to three days.

10. Take full insurance cover for medical treatment and accidents. Private medical treatment can be expensive. Secure travel insurance. Ensure that you are fully covered for unexpected expenses such as costs incurred from overbooked flights.

11. Carry ID at all times. However, when government bodies retain passports, copies should be carried. You have an advantage if you have cash in US dollars. All dollar notes should be in pristine condition. Given exchange rate uncertainties and fluctuations, only small amounts of dollars should be changed at a time. Money should only be changed at banks and recognized exchange kiosks. It is an offence to change money from street traders. You can leave the country with up to US dollars 1,500 in cash without completing a currency declaration form or authorizing documentation.

12. If the amount being taken out of the country exceeds US dollars 1,500 in cash, you must submit to the Customs documents indicating the amount of currency you had brought or transferred to Russia. Only if the amount on arrival exceeds US dollars 1,500 in cash, you need to complete a customs declaration form. The customs officers who are normally located in the Red Channel must stamp this form.

13. It is illegal to settle accounts in dollars cash. Most hotels, restaurants and larger shops accept credit cards. However, smaller retail outlets do not accept credit cards.

14. Check Foreign and Commonwealth Office Travel Advice before traveling.

15. Bring enough funds for your stay and onward/return journey. Bank transfers are possible but take time.

16. Declare valuable items such as cameras, computers, jewelry etc, on arrival at customs.

17. Ensure that your visa is valid. Lost/expired visas can be replaced, but it is a lengthy and complex procedure and heavy fines can be levied.

18. Keep a separate record of your passport details. Photocopies of your birth certificate and visa would also help. Enter next of kin details into the back of your passport.

19. Very few places in Russia expect you to tip. Top-end hotels and restaurants add 5% to 15% to your bill, while porters expect around US$1 a bag. Shops have fixed prices, but in markets you'll be expected to bargain.

20. Your travel is made easy… there are plenty of buses and you can make use of them for your local travel.

Russian buses are now completely open to foreigners. Going between small towns is a great way to travel. Driving in Russia isn't everybody's cup of tea but, if you've got a sense of humour, don't mind some fairly rugged road conditions, a few hassles finding petrol, and getting lost now and then, it's a great way to see the country. The most famous attractions include the Kremlin and Red Square.

Contacts-Russia

TIME ZONE

Moscow and St Petersburg + 3 (GMT + 4 during the summer).Other regions vary.

TELEPHONE SERVICES

Country Code: 7
IDD: International Direct Dialing is available.
Outgoing Code: 810; in smaller cities international calls may have to go through the operator.

EMERGENCY TELEPHONE NUMBERS

Fire - 01; Police - 02; Ambulance - 03.

LOCAL TOURIST INFORMATION

Intourist; ulista Mokhovaya 13; 103009 Moscow, Russian Federation Tel: (095) 292 3786 or 292 2300 Fax (095) 292 2034.

PASSPORT INFORMATION

Valid passport required by all except for nationals of Bulgaria; Czech Republic; Hungary; North Korea; Mongolia; Poland Romania; Slovak Republic; Vietnam and Yugoslavia. Return Ticket is required. Requirements may be subject to short-term change. Contact the relevant authority before departure. All travelers are advised to contact the nearest Russian Embassy or Consulate for up to date details.

VISA INFORMATION

Required by all except nationals of Bulgaria; CIS; Cuba; Cyprus; Czech Republic; Hungary; North Korea; Mongolia; Poland; Romania; Slovak Republic and Vietnam.

PROHIBITED ITEMS

Military weapons and ammunition; narcotics and drug paraphernalia. Pornography; loose pearls; fruit; vegetables and live animals. An information sheet is available on request.

AIRPORT DEPARTURE TAX

US$ 10 is payable on international departures.

HEALTH MATTERS

Typhoid: Vaccination recommended.

FOOD AND DRINK

Water is untreated and not safe to drink.

CURRENCY

Rouble (Rub) = 100 Kopeks. Exchange: Only at official bureaux. All transactions must be recorded on the currency declaration form issued on arrival. It is wise to keep all your receipts.
NOTE- Import and Export of local currency is prohibited; all remaining local currency must be reconverted on departure. All major credit cards are accepted. Travelers cheques are preferred to cash but you should also take some hard cash. US dollar cheques are recommended.
ATM availability: Over 350 locations.

MONEY WIRING SERVICES

MoneyGram: Unavailable. Western Union: (095) 119 8250.

CREDIT CARD EMERGENCY NUMBERS

Amex: +44 1273 696933
Diners Club: (095) 2843955
Russian Federation Visa: (1) 410 581 9091

TRAVELERS CHEQUES EMERGENCY NUMBERS

Russian Federation Thomas Cook: +44 1733 318950 Russian Federation BANKING HOURS 0930 - 1730 Mon. to Fri.

COST OF LIVING

Moderate to expensive; since the change to free-market economy.

LANGUAGES

Russian. English, French and German are spoken by some people.

WEATHER

North and Central European Russia - Variable climate. Summer sunshine may be up to 9 hours a day whilst winters can be very cold. Siberia- Very cold winter with the possibility of pleasant summers. There is considerably seasonal temperature variation. Summers are usually short and wet. Southern European Russia - Winters are shorter than in the North.

RELIGIONS

Mainly Christian with the Russian Orthodox Church being the largest Christian community. Muslim; Buddhist and Jewish minorities also exist.

PUBLIC HOLIDAYS

2000: Jan 01; 07. Mar 08. Apr 30. May 01; 02; 09. June 12. Nov 07.
2001: Jan 01; 07. Mar 08. Apr 15. May 01-02; 09. June 12. Nov 07. POST Airmail to Western Europe takes over 10 days.

RADIO FREQUENCIES

BBC: 17.64 15.07 9.415 6.195 VOA: 15.20 9.765 6.040 5.995.

WOMEN IN SOCIETY

A mix of modern and traditional ideologies influence attitudes. Since the move to democracy old communist ideas persist especially amongst the older generation.

TRANSPORT

AIR: Aeroflot runs services from Moscow to major cities.
RIVER: Many companies offer cruises along several rivers. The Volga towns; The Golden Ring and Moscow - St Petersburg are popular routes.
RAIL: The rail system is a vital part of the infrastructure due to the poor road system. Only a few long distance routes are open to use by visitors and reservations must be made on all journeys.
ROAD: The European part of the Russian Federation depends heavily on its road network. The few roads in Siberia and further East are impassable during the winter. It is worthwhile to plan your route in advance and arrange motoring holidays through a reputable agency.

Puerto Rico

2008-09-11T07:26:00.014-07:00

1. In Puerto Rico, four centuries of Spanish Caribbean culture comes face to face with the American convenience store. This leads to a strange juxtaposition - parking lots and plazas, freeways and fountains, skyscrapers and shanties. You'll find plenty to see!

2. Citizens of all other countries require a US visa. US citizens do not require visas or passports.

3. Health risks like hepatitis is present. Watch out for sunburn.

4. Some basic information -

Time: Eastern Time (GMT/UTC minus four hours)

Electricity: 110V, 60Hz.

Weights & measures: Mostly metric but some Imperial.

Telephone: From North America, dial 1 + 787 + the seven-digit local number. From elsewhere, dial your country's international direct dialing prefix + 1 + 787 + the seven-digit local number.

5. The peak tourist season is between December and April, but this has more to do with the climate in North America than anything else. During these months the island is swamped by visitors, prices are highest and accommodations can be hard to find.

6. Visit San Juan (Capital of Puerto Rico)-you'll never feel like getting out of the casinos, let alone the city limits.

7. The best time to avoid the crowds is during the official hurricane season (May through November). Although hurricanes are rare, they can ruin your holiday. Keep an eye on weather reports if you're in Puerto Rico at this time.

8. If you intend to travel inland, bring a sweater for the evenings regardless of when you visit - it's much cooler.

9. Every Puerto Rican town celebrates its saint's day, often with a mixture of pagan and Catholic iconography and Indian, African and Spanish traditions. There are solemn religious aspects and plenty of feasting, music, dancing and colorful costumed processions. Get to see this.

10. The currency is US dollar (US$). Puerto Rico is one of the Caribbean's cheaper destinations, but there's no limit to what you can spend if you're in a party mood or on a gambling binge. It's possible to travel very comfortably, on around US$250 a day, staying in ritzier hotels and eating three meals a day in decent restaurants. A moderate guesthouse-and-diner budget would slip somewhere between US$150 and US$200, while budget travelers can get by on less than US$100 a day by bunking up in no-frills hotels, eating at local food stands and taking public transport in preference to hiring a car.

11. Accommodations are cheaper in May (through November).

12. All major credit cards and traveler's cheques are widely accepted and there are plenty of ATMs. Once you leave the cities and touristed areas, it's best to carry cash. The US dollar is sometimes referred to as the peso.

13. Tipping follows North American rules. Restaurants usually include the service charge in the bill, but if they don't, a 15% tip is expected. Some hotels add a 10% service charge, otherwise an equivalent tip is expected. There's a government tax of 7-10% on hotel rooms and some hotels charge an energy surcharge of around 3%. Bargaining isn't common except in artisan markets where you can probably get a discount.

14. Renting a car is the best way to see the island. International car rental agencies are well represented on the island, and there are plenty of local operators. Your home-driving license is valid. Note that local driving habits are erratic (to be kind) though relatively aggression-free (to be fair). Also watch out for the speed limit signs, which are in miles per hour, even though distances are in kilometers. Drive on the right-hand side of the road.

15. If driving doesn't appeal, you can stock up on patience and take public transport. Mini-vans known as públicos link all decent-sized towns on the island. They have no set schedule and usually operate on short hops, so be prepared for several changes if you're traveling a long distance and it's not between two major cities. Públicos are cheap, sociable and recognizable by the 'P' or 'PD' on their license plate. You can flag one down anywhere. Metered taxis are plentiful in San Juan and other major tourist centers.

16. San Juan's Luis Muñnz Marín International Airport is on the eastern fringe of the city. There are car rental agencies at the airport and plenty of taxis and buses for the short jaunt into San Juan. There's a baggage check in Terminal C, which is handy if you're island hopping and want to travel light.

17. Cheap government-operated ferries do the run from Fajardo to the islands of Culebra and Vieques. At least four ferries a day ply either route and the journey to either island is around one hour. It is possible to take a car, including rental cars, on the ferry to Culebra but it's necessary to book well in advance.

18. Puerto Rico is the most accessible island in the Caribbean. San Juan is a major hub for American Airlines, so there's easy access to its US domestic network. There are excellent air connections to a heap of Caribbean islands.

19. The best beaches in San Juan are at Isla Verde and Condado, both backed by a fortress wall of high rises. If you want to get out of the city (though not away from the crowds) try picturesque Luquillo, 30km (19mi) east of the capital. The beaches on the southern coast are more sheltered and have calmer water for swimming than those on the northern Atlantic coast. The west has a whole series of great beaches; the pick of the bunch is popular Boquerón. If you have the time, go in for activities like diving, snorkeling, surfing, yatching, deep sea fighting, hiking, cock fighting, bird-watching and whale watching!

Puerto Rican culture is a mixture of Spanish, African and Taíno traditions overlaid with a century-thick layer of American influence. At times, parts of San Juan can seem like any US city with a large Latino population, but dig a little deeper or get into the countryside and you'll find a complex Creole culture.

Seychelles

2008-09-11T07:26:00.012-07:00

1. If you're looking for that unblemished tropical paradise, the Seychelles fits the bill. Apart from palm-fringed beaches and superb snorkeling and diving, there are also plenty of forested wildernesses filled with an abundance of wildlife. But paradise comes at a price - there's very little in the way of budget accommodation here, and taking a dive with the fishes will set you back a pretty penny.

2. You will need an onward ticket, booked accommodation and sufficient funds for your stay; a US$100 'environmental charge' is levied on all visitors.

3. Some basic information- Health risks: None Time: GMT/UTC plus four hours Electricity: 240V, 50 Hz Weights & measures: Metric

4. You should plan your trip to the Seychelles around what you want to do. Windsurfing and sailing are best at the start and end of the trade winds, usually around May and October. Some beaches are better during the monsoon season, others during the trade winds. Diving is best in March, April, May, September, October and November. Room rates are highest and everything is busiest in December, January, July and August.

5. With its short history, the Seychelles isn't exactly overloaded with traditional festivals. Most public holidays are Roman Catholic events, including Easter, Corpus Christi, on 10 June, the Assumption, on 15 August, and the Immaculate Conception, on 8 December.

6. The Currency is Seychelles rupee.

7. Meals Budget: US$7-10 Mid-range: US$10-20 Top-end: US$20 and upwards Lodging-Budget: US$50-80 Mid-range: US$80-150 Top-end: US$150 and upwards.

8. The Seychelles is not a budget destination. The tourist board regulates accommodation and camping is forbidden. Prices, availability and the standard of accommodation are fixed. If you keep to the less expensive guesthouses, avoid watersports and eat lean, you might be able to get by on US$55 a day. If you've come all this way, though, you probably want to indulge at least a little - a budget of US$100 a day is more realistic if you want to do some diving, eat the country's fabulous seafood and stay in mid-range hotels. If you've got money to burn, the Seychelles is a great place to do it. If you are thinking of staying in the fancier hotels, consider a package tour, which will work out a fair bit cheaper.

9. You will get a better rate for traveler's cheques than for cash. No restrictions apply on taking rupees in or out of the country, but you'll get a much better rate in the Seychelles than you will anywhere else. Seychelles is well endowed with banks, and in villages where they're further apart you can usually change money at the bigger hotels (though the rate probably won't be the best).

10. Tipping is welcomed but not obligatory. A 10% service charge is added to your bill in hotels and restaurants. In general, there's a relaxed approach to bargaining. You might be able to get a discount on your car rental, but prices in shops are seldom negotiable. Markets are more open to a bit of friendly haggling.

11. The Seychelles is all about water. Snorkeling is a must-do for every visitor - the best sports around Mahé are St Anne, Anse Soleil, Petite Anse and Île Souris. Off Praslin, try around Chauve Souris Island. Diving, particularly around the outlying islands, is considered world class. There are several schools offering courses and equipment for hire. Windsurfing is particularly popular on Mahé and Praslin. Plenty of charter operation will take you deep-sea fishing.

12. English and French are the official languages and most people speak both.

13. The Seychelles is the best of all the Indian Ocean islands for Créole cuisine. Fish and rice are the staple foods, but rice takes a back seat while more imaginative use is made of fruit, vegetables, herbs and spices. The range of fish and seafood available is huge and you will probably be able to try shark, barracuda, kingfish, octopus, squid, jack fish, red snapper, cordonnier, parrot fish and grouper. Other Créole dishes standard to the region are the daube, a sweet sauce or stew; rougaille, a tomato-based sauce used with fish, sausages or as a side dish; carii coco, a mild meat or fish curry with coconut cream; fish marinated in lemon; and brèdes, a local variety of spinach.

14. The Seychelles' seasons are defined by the beginning and end of the southeast trade winds, which usually blow from May to October. For the rest of the year, the islands are swept by the monsoons, which bring the rain, especially in January. Mahé and Silhouette get the most rain. January is the wettest month, July and August the driest, while every month the temperature fluctuates between 24°C (75°F) and 31°C (88°F) and the humidity sweats at around 80%.

15. More and more airlines are flying to the Seychelles, so it's worth checking with your travel agent to see if you can get a direct flight. There are flights from Australia via Singapore, from Africa and Mauritius and direct from London. Travelers from Continental Europe can also fly direct - most take package holidays.

16. Air Seychelles runs regular flights to Praslin, Frégate, Desroches, Bird and Denis Island, and runs charters to other islands. Helicopters also fly to some of the islands. Schooner ferries run regularly between Mahé, Praslin and la Digue - if you want to go to the other islands you'll have to charter a boat.

17. An extensive bus service operates throughout Mahé, and there's limited service on Praslin.

18. Mini Mokes are the hire cars in the Seychelles - they often have some sort of mechanical defect, and they're no protection from the elements, but they are pretty appropriate for conditions on the islands. Most of the roads on Mahé are sealed, but other drivers can be a bit of a danger. Taxis run on Mahé, Praslin and La Digue, and the government sets fares.

19. There are plenty of bicycles for hire on Praslin and La Digue, but you'll be lucky to get hold of one on Mahé. Walking is a dandy way to get around most of the islands - the traffic is light, distances are short and the scenery is lovely.

The Seychelles is a group of about 115 islands, which lie 1600 km (990 miles) off the coast of east Africa. The three central islands - Mahé, Praslin and La Digue - are granite, while the outlying islands are coral atolls (reef). Unlike most similar islands, Seychelles is not volcanic - they seem to be the peaks of a huge underwater plateau, which fell off the edge of India about 65 million years ago. The Seychelles is a haven for wildlife, particularly birds and tropical fish. The islands are rich in vegetation, but most of it is either coconut palms or casuarinas. There's virgin forest on the highlands of Malé and Silhouette, and in the Vallée de.

Oman

2008-09-11T07:26:00.010-07:00

1. Safety and security is dependent on the developments in the Middle East. You may have to check these details from the embassy.

2. Driving at night can be dangerous, as there is a risk of hitting camels on the road.

3. There are severe penalties for drug offences including, in some cases, the death penalty.

4. Check visa requirements well in advance with the Oman Embassy. Overstaying without the proper authority can lead to severe fines.

5. Take adequate comprehensive insurance. Make sure you are fully covered for medical treatment and hospitalization, which can be very expensive. And also travel insurance, ensure that you are fully covered for unexpected losses or expenses (eg cancelled flights, lost luggage, lost passport stolen cash or credit cards). Keep passports money, tickets and valuables in a safe place.

6. Bring enough funds for your stay and return journey.

7. Check the latest Foreign and Commonwealth Office Travel Advice.

8. Respect local laws and customs. Dress in a modest way. Don't behave in a manner that might insult Muslim sensitivities, customs and beliefs. Don't make rude gestures or swear - you could be taken to court and face a severe fine. Public displays of affection between members of the opposite sex are frowned upon.

9. Drinking is not allowed in public but there are bars (in the major hotels and restaurants) which serve alcohol. Muslim sensitivities towards alcohol should be observed - it is an offence to be drunk in public.

10. While driving, observe speed limits. Don't drink and drive - offenders can incur detention, severe fines, prison sentences and possible deportation. If you have a motor accident, remain with your vehicle. It is an offence to leave the scene of the accident before the police have arrived.

11. No Drugs. Penalties for drug trafficking, smuggling and possession are severe and include the death penalty.

12. Don't take photographs of or near military or government installations. Ask permission before photographing individuals. Don't photograph individuals if they are unwilling. Carry identification at all times, you might be asked to produce it any time. Carry photographic identification, e.g. your passport, if possible.

13. For your travel, buses serve most main provincial towns daily. Renting a car in the sultanate is easy but not cheap. You're more likely to take advantage of Oman's extraordinarily comprehensive system of service taxis and microbuses. Drivers will depart when they have a few passengers, expecting to pick up and drop off other passengers along the way; it's a very cheap way to get around providing you're in no particular hurry. You can also take a taxi or microbus 'engaged' (i.e., privately) by paying for all of the seats in it.

14. Only Muscat has a local bus system. Muscat Airport is 40km (25 miles) west of the city. There are car rental agencies at the airport and taxis and buses are available.

15. If you are wondering about the costs…costs in Oman fall mainly into the budget and top-end categories; there's next to nothing in the middle. Those wishing to travel comfortably can expect to shell out more. If you want to spend moderately you will have a hard time.

16. Banks and moneychangers will change cash and travelers' cheques. ATMs are widespread, though few of them appear to be tied into international systems.

17. Tipping is not expected in cheaper eating places while more expensive restaurants tend to add a 10-15% service charge to all bills - which goes to the house and not the staff. There's a 15% hotel tax.

18. On bargaining-Shopkeepers tend to offer a small discount on the marked price and then refuse to budge. If you try to bargain for the cost of a taxi, you will inevitably pay two or three times what you ought to.

19. For the food lover in you- There is little in the way of traditional Omani cuisine; Indian-style curry is pretty much the national dish. The typical menu is little more than whatever curry the cook decided to make that day, but it is usually pretty good, especially in the myriad small restaurants of Muscat and Salalah. Alcohol is only available in larger hotels and expensive restaurants.

20. The temperate months of mid-October to mid-March are the best time to visit. Avoid the June to September monsoon season in the south.

Long known as the hermit of the Middle East, the Sultanate of Oman is slowly emerging from its shell, revealing a land of friendly people, dramatic landscapes and lots of forts. Arabic is the official language of Oman, though English is widely spoken in business circles. In the northern coastal areas you can find traders and sailors and a large number of expatriates from the Indian subcontinent who also speak Farsi and Urdu.

Despite the modern appearance of much of Oman, the country remains intensely traditional. In the countryside hamlets and coastal villages, day-to-day life has changed little in centuries. Men wear bright blue, loose fitting, floor-length shirt-dresses called dishdashas, often with a curved khanjar knife dangling from the waist. The attire for women is far more colourful than the simple black cloaks common in much of the rest of the Gulf region. Bright printed dresses are wrapped with even more colourful shawls and veils. Oman has devoted a great deal of effort to preserving its traditional art, dance and music, though you're more likely to see traditional dancing staged in a museum than spontaneously breaking out in a village street. Oman is particularly known for its curved, silver-sheathed khanjar knives and silver jewelry

Contacts-Oman

TIME ZONE

GMT + 4

TELEPHONE SERVICES

Country Code: 968
IDD: International Direct Dialling is available
Outgoing Code: 00

EMERGENCY TELEPHONE NUMBERS

All services - 999

LOCAL TOURIST INFORMATION

Directorate General of Tourism ; PO Box 550; 113 Muscat; Oman Tel: 774 253 Fax: 794 238.

PASSPORT INFORMATION

Valid passport required by all. Return Ticket required. Requirements may be subject to short-term change. Contact the relevant authority before departure.

VISA INFORMATION

Tourist and Business visas are required by all except: Nationals of Bahrain; Kuwait; Qatar; Saudi Arabia; and United Arab Emirates.

PROHIBITED ITEMS

Fresh foods; pornography; all animals need an import licence.

AIRPORT DEPARTURE TAX

OMR3 for all departures payable in local currency. Transit passengers and those under 12 years of age are exempt.

HEALTH MATTERS
Typhoid: Vaccination recommended.
Malaria : Take advice from your medical advisors.
Yellow Fever: A vaccination certificate is required from travelers arriving from infected areas.
Other Health Risks: Cholera; Rabies.

FOOD AND DRINK

Water is considered drinkable; normal precautions should be observed with food.

CURRENCY

Omani Rial (OR) = 100 baiza. All major credit cards are accepted although a commission charge may be made for their use. All major cards are accepted; although a commission may be added to charges when using a card. Travelers cheques in US dollars or pound Sterling are easily exchanged.
ATM availability: 50 locations.

MONEY WIRING SERVICES

MoneyGram: Unavailable. Western Union: 714 609

CREDIT CARD EMERGENCY NUMBERS

Amex: +44 1273 696933
Diners Club: (968) 706 007
Oman VISA: NA

TRAVELERS CHEQUES EMERGENCY NUMBERS

Oman Thomas Cook: +44 1733 318950 Oman

BANKING HOURS

0800 - 1200 Sat - Wed and 0800 - 1130 Thurs.

COST OF LIVING

It is impossible to travel on a tight budget. There are few middle range hotels and restaurants.

LANGUAGES

Arabic and English.

WEATHER

June - July are very hot. Rainfall varies according to the region.

RELIGIONS

Ibadi Muslim with Sunni and Shia Muslim minorities.

PUBLIC HOLIDAYS

2000: Jan 09/10. Mar 18 Apr 07; Jun 16. Oct 27Nov 18-19; 30. Dec 31.
2001: Mar 08 -26; Jun 06. Oct 17; Nov 18-19; Dec 21

RADIO FREQUENCIES

BBC: 15.57 12.10 11.76 9.410 VOA: 15.21 11.83 9.700 7.205.

WOMEN IN SOCIETY

Although Oman displays a more tolerant attitude than it's neighbouring states, women dress modestly; in accordance with religious traditions.

TRANSPORT

BUS:Services exist in Muscat and North Oman.
TAXI: Prices are high and should be agreed in advance.

Nigeria

2008-09-11T07:26:00.008-07:00

1.The best time to visit Nigeria is from December to March when the humidity drops, although the catch is that you may then suffer from the dusty Harmattan winds. If a bit of sand in the face doesn't bother you, go in January when you can attend the Sallah celebrations in northern Nigeria followed by the Argungu Fishing Festival on the banks of the Sokoto River in mid-to-late February.

2. All visitors are required to have a visa except for citizens of countries belonging to the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS).

3. Some basic Information- Time: GMT/UTC plus one hour Electricity: 220v, 50Hz Weights & measures: Metric

4. For culture lovers, of all the festivals in West Africa the most elaborate are the ones held in northern Nigeria - in particular Kano, Zaria and Katsina - for the two most important Islamic holidays: the end of Ramadan (the Islamic period of fasting) and Tabaski (69 days later). The exact dates differ from year to year but is usually sometime in late January or early February and again in late April. The principal event of the celebrations is the Durbar, a colorful parade of ornately dressed Hausa-Fulani horsemen, Emirs dressed in ceremonial robes, bicep-flexing wrestlers and lute players in headdresses.

5. The Currency is Niara (N). The Niara continues to be devalued against foreign currencies making it a boon for western travelers. A budget traveler happy with YMCA accommodation or shared facilities and a fondness for African soups and goat curry can survive on as little as US$10-15 a day.

6. Be careful with budget accommodation in the bigger cities such as Lagos. Due to the high personal security risks you are considerably increasing your chances of being mugged or robbed at the very least. If you are on a moderate budget hoping for air-conditioning, running water, and lights that work (or one out of the three), you can expect to pay between US$30-50.The Budget goes: US$2-4 Mid-range: US$4-10 Top-end: US$10 and up lodging- Budget: US$2-10 Mid-range: US$10-50 Top-end: US$50 and upwards.

7. If you happen to stay at the best places in town, dining out on European style food expect to shell out over US$150 a day.

8. Carrying lots of cash around isn't usually a good idea but in the case of Nigeria you should probably take some readies with you to smooth your way through customs. It may also take a while for the bank to change your travelers' cheques, if at all, and a hefty commission is often involved. There's a flourishing black market that usually offers better rates but it is illegal.

9. Credit cards are all but useless except in five star hotels and there are numerous credit card scams on the go. Tipping is a gray area but generally speaking you will be expected to tip 10% in the better restaurants. Check the bill to see if service has been included. Nigeria is built on the practice of dash (bribe money) so don't even think about avoiding it. Requests can range from the downright intimidation to a pleasant smile and a gentle invitation to hand over money but whichever way it's done, it's done frequently.

10. Lagos can offer you a number of unique experiences. It has more nightclubs and live music than just about any other West African city and is chiefly known for its music. Ariya Night Club in Yaba is worth a visit as is the open-air Jazz 38 where, you might score an invitation to play with the band that's performing.

11. The National Museum, on Lagos Island, is worth a visit for its impressive bronze sculptures and ivory carvings from Benin and for its masks and terracotta antiquities from Jos. From ancient relics to modern ruins, the other note-worthy exhibition is the bullet-riddled car in which Murtala Mohammed, a former head of state, was assassinated.

12. The heart of Lagos is Lagos Island where all the major banks, department stores, restaurants and black marketeers are found. Most of the embassies and big houses are on Victoria and Ikoyi Islands. The three islands together make up most of downtown Lagos.

13. Lagos is a crime-ridden city, so you need to be switched on at all times. Never walk around alone and always take a taxi at night.

14. If you love birds and bird- watching, Yankari National Park is the place. It's a bird watching dream with over 600 species roosting around its interior.

15. Gembu, near the Cameroon border, is good for hiking, as is Bukura, especially around the Kurra Falls. Another popular hiking destination is the Assop Waterfalls but if you visit the falls, be prepared for a day hike or longer (camping may be possible). There are a number of popular swimming beaches around Lagos, although the water is never clear and some beaches have a strong undertow.

16. Like everything else about Nigeria the climate is varied and differs substantially from region to region. The north is hot and dry with one long rainy season from April to September, while in the south it is hot and wet with the rainy season lasting from March to November. Temperatures are slightly lower in the tropical regions of the south but it's the humidity that's a real killer. Relief from the humidity only comes in December and January during the Harmattan season when cool dry winds blow off the desert.

17. Lagos International airport (Murtala Mohammed) is 22 km (13 miles) from Lagos. Taxis to the city are also available. The national carrier, Nigerian Airways, offers flights to a number of European destinies but it can be a bumpy ride. The departure tax for international flights is US$35.

18. Air travel within Nigeria is always a bit of a gamble, mainly because scheduled departure times appear to be entirely hypothetical and boarding involves an elbows-first, musical-chairs scramble for a seat on an aircraft that will always be over booked. The good news is that internal flights are incredibly cheap. Domestic flights do not leave from Murtala Mohammed airport but from the older airport 10 km away. Private airlines are a viable alternative and are usually more organized and reliable than Nigerian Airways and offer relatively cheap fares.

19. Traveling by bus is the safest and most comfortable way to travel and lines connect all the main cities. Bus offices tend to cluster in the same area of the city. Bush taxis are the fastest and most comfortable way to get around but they're also the most dangerous. Nigerian drivers have little respect for speed limits!

20. There are trains running in Nigeria but they're not very comfortable and, as if to compensate for the bush taxis, travel at a snail's pace.

Generally speaking, the food in Nigeria is nothing to rave about. However, the best chance of a good food is the roadside stalls, called Buka, where the best-cooked local cuisine is found. Peppery stews are common in the southern states, while menus of grains and beef are common in the north. Much of Nigerian food is grain-based. Tuwo, made from maize, corn rice or millet, is popular as is Efo (vegetable soup), Egusi (a hot stew made with meat and red peppers) and Isi-ewu (goat head pepper soup). There's also lots of snack food including fried yam chips, meat pastries and fried plantain. Palm wine, a natural juice from palm trees, is a popular drink all over Nigeria, especially in the south where these trees grow wild.

Netherlands

2008-09-11T07:26:00.006-07:00

1. You will find that it is easy to travel in Netherlands. The locals are friendly and speak excellent English.

2. The best way to get around is by bicycle. Most places in the Netherlands are linked by dedicated cycle paths and the terrain is wonderfully flat. Bicycles are available for hire from train stations and from rental services in larger towns.

3. The train and bus networks are reliable, comfortable but expensive. Driving within the Netherlands isn't much fun once you're off the highways: the roads are narrow and parking spaces are hard to come by and usually very expensive.

4. Driving a vehicle with foreign number plates is an invitation to having the car broken into, especially in Amsterdam: never leave anything valuable in your car.

5. Start off on a safer note, exercise caution particularly in central Amsterdam (especially Central Station). As in many large cities, pick pocketing is commonplace. Pickpockets often operate in gangs while one distracts you, another picks your pocket. Do not lose sight of your baggage or your belongings. Bag snatching is common, especially, heavily laden passengers, who, very obviously look new. Avoid carrying valuables and large sums of money, but it is important to carry copies of identification details.

6. In the event of theft, contact the nearest police station and obtain a police report. If your passport is stolen some carriers, in lieu of a passport accept a police report. A police report is required as part of the application for a replacement passport.

7. Check Foreign and Commonwealth Office Travel Advice before traveling.

8. Make sure you are insured.( Medical and Travel).

9. Have enough money for your stay.

10. Do not carry drugs. The Netherlands has a reputation for being tolerant on the use of so-called 'soft drugs'. In reality this exists in the major cities in designated premises; possession of prohibited substances carries a prison sentence. Netherlands has managed to combine liberal attitudes with one of the most orderly societies on earth, in a community that manages to be radical and sensible without being silly or staid.

11. The Dutch do delightful dairy products and superb sweet snacks, but traditional main course Dutch gastronomy gets a bit heavy and meaty. Thanks to the sizeable Indonesian, Chinese, Surinamese, Turkish and Italian communities there are plenty of spicy alternatives. Try them.

12. The Netherlands is not really a budget buy. If you're happy eating chips, sleeping in hostels and walking around, it is possible to hang in Holland with less money.

13. There are a lot of free activities to stretch your budget, especially in Amsterdam in summer.

14. Money-saving ideas include getting hold of a museum pass if you're an avid museum-goer, and getting hold of a bicycle so you can travel for only the price of body fuel.

15. Changing money in the Netherlands is a breeze. Any post office will change cash or travelers' Cheques, and change bureaus are as common as chip-shops in large towns. Banks generally offer the best exchange rates, but the service can be slow.

16. Cash-dispensing ATMs are all over the place: MasterCard is the most widely accepted credit card.

17. Tipping is not compulsory in the Netherlands, but rounding up the bill is always appreciated in taxis, restaurants and pubs with table or pavement service.

18. If you're eating out in a group, it is common to split the bill, but don't suggest 'going Dutch' as the expression is unknown here.

19. Don't bother trying to bargain, though the Dutch themselves sometimes manage to get away with it at flea markets.

20. If you happen to be a veggie, Vegetarians are not very well catered for, but most restaurants will have at least one meat-free dish.

The national fast food is frites (chips). If you ask for frites met (chips with), you'll get them with mayonnaise. Kroketten (croquettes) and other hot lumps of meat are dispensed by vending machines, à la the Jetsons. Beer is the staple drink, served cool and with a head of froth so big it would start a brawl in an Australian pub.

Contacts-Netherlands

TIME ZONE

GMT + 1 (GMT + 2 during the summer)

TELEPHONE SERVICES

Country Code: 31 (followed by 20 for Amsterdam; 10 for Rotterdam; and 70 for the Hague)
IDD: International Direct Dialling is available
Outgoing Code: 00

EMERGENCY TELEPHONE NUMBERS

Dial 112 to reach the emergency services.

LOCAL TOURIST INFORMATION

Nederlands Bureau voor Toerisme PO Box 458; 2260 MG Leidschendam; The Nederlands Tel: (70) 370 5705 Fax: (70) 320 1654.

PASSPORT INFORMATION

Valid passport required by all except: Nationals of EU countries (except Finland and Sweden) who hold a valid national ID card. When required they must be valid for at least 3 months after the last day of the intended visit.

VISA INFORMATION

Visa required by all except: Nationals of Australia; Brunei; Costa Rica; Ecuador; El Salvador; Guatemala; Honduras; Jamaica; Malawi; Malaysia; Nicaragua; Panama; Paraguay; Singapore; and Venezuela for up to 3 months. Nationals who do not require a visa to visit a country which is a signatory to the Schengen Agreement. The following do not require visas for any of the Schengen member states. a) EU nationals; b) Andorra; Argentina; Brazil; Canada; Chile; Cyprus; Czech Republic; Hungary; Iceland; Israel; Japan; Liechtenstein; Malta; Mexico; Monaco; New Zealand; Norway; Poland; San Marino; The Slovak Republic; Slovenia; South Korea; Switzerland; Uruguay; Vatican City.

PROHIBITED ITEMS

Cats and dogs can not be imported; unless from Luxembourg or Belgium; without a health certificate and a rabies certificate. Firearms and ammunition can only be imported with a licence.

HEALTH MATTERS

Typhoid, Malaria, Yellow Fever.

FOOD AND DRINK

Water is considered drinkable; normal precautions should be observed with food.

CURRENCY

Guilder (Gld) = 100 cents. Exchange: Offices are indicated with the letters GWK. All major credit cards are accepted. Travelers cheques; in any major international currency; are easily exchanged.
ATM availability: Over 6000 locations.

MONEY WIRING SERVICES

MoneyGram: 0 800 022 3392 Western Union: 06 0566

CREDIT CARD EMERGENCY NUMBERS

Amex: +44 1273 696933
Diners Club: (32) (2) 5125793
Netherlands Visa: 0800 022 8498

TRAVELERS CHEQUES EMERGENCY NUMBERS

Netherlands Thomas Cook: 0800 022 8630 Netherlands

BANKING HOURS

Banking Hours 0900 - 1600 Mon. to Fri.

COST OF LIVING

Similar to other Western European countries.

LANGUAGES

Dutch, English; French and German are also spoken.

WEATHER

Mild, maritime climate. Summers are generally warm with changeable periods but excessively hot weather is rare. Winters can be fairly cold with the possibility of some snow. Rainfall is prevalent all year.

RELIGIONS

Roman Catholic and Protestant. Approx. 26% do not profess any religion.

PUBLIC HOLIDAYS

2000: Jan 01. Apr 21-24; 30. May 05. Jun 01;11-12. Dec 25; 26
2001: Jan 01. Apr 13-16; 30. May 05; 24. Jun 04. Dec 25; 26.

POST

Approximately 5 days within Europe.

RADIO FREQUENCIES

BBC: 9.410 6.195 3.955 0.648 VOA: 9.760 6.040 5.995 1.197.

WOMEN IN SOCIETY

The women's movement is strong and has a firm foothold in society.

TRANSPORT

RAIL: The highly developed rail network is efficient and cheap.
ROAD: Excellent road system.
BUS: Extensive regional bus services exist. Long distance coach services operate between cities.
TAXI: It is less usual to hail a taxi in the street in Holland. They are usually metered.
CAR HIRE: Available from airports and main hotels.

Malaysia

2008-09-11T07:26:00.004-07:00

1. Check the Foreign and Commonwealth Office travel advice.

2. Private healthcare in Malaysia is expensive.

3. A passport is necessary for travel between the Peninsula and East Malaysia. Don't remain in Malaysia beyond the limit stamped in your passport. People, who overstay, can face arrest, fines and even imprisonment.

4. For Personal Security- Beware of bag snatchers - there have been many reports of bags being snatched by motorcyclists. Do report any loss immediately to the tourist police.

5. Respect local laws and customs - Malaysia is a predominately Muslim country. You should dress modestly. Alcohol is prohibited.

6. Don't carry anything through customs for someone else unless you know exactly what it contains.

7. There are street crimes, particularly bag snatching, and is increasing. Take particular care of your passports, as passport theft, including on aircraft and in airport buildings, is common. Do not leave possessions in unattended vehicles, even if out of sight in a locked boot.

8. Credit card fraud is on the increase. Care should therefore be taken when making payments by credit card.

9. Beware of con men. There have been a number of reports of tourists being invited to private houses and then lured into gambling games and forced to put up a considerable amount of money.

10. Police permission is required for certain kinds of public gatherings in Malaysia. You are advised to avoid street gatherings and demonstrations.

11. Travel to the islands of the east coast of Sabah is not recommended.

12. There are severe penalties for all drug offences in Malaysia, including, the death penalty, or, in the case of possession, whipping in addition to any custodial sentence imposed. This also includes the possession of or trafficking in Amphetamine-type stimulants.

13. You might have to undergo a urine test for the use of drugs-Should the test prove positive, the person concerned could be referred for rehabilitation treatment or deported.

14. You may not be allowed to stay for more than one month continuously.

15. Under current Malaysian exchange control rules, you may import or export up to RM1,000 per person without prior approval. There are no limits on the amount of foreign currency (notes and/or traveler's cheques) that you may import. Non-residents may export foreign currency (notes and/or traveler's cheques) up to the amount they previously imported, provided they have documentary evidence of the amount they imported. You must complete travelers' declaration forms on entering Malaysia.

16. The business community in Malaysia is predominantly Chinese. Every half an hour you will find a shuttle flight to Singapore.

17. It is essential to take full insurance cover for medical treatment and accidents, as well as cover for unexpected losses such as cancelled flights, stolen cash, cards, passports or luggage. Private hospitals in Malaysia are expensive.

The cheapest travel mode is airport coaches that take you to various destinations. There are numerous trains taking you to the neighboring places. It makes your commute very simple. These instructions are simply meant to make the most of your travel. Follow them and find out how useful they have been.

Mexico

2008-09-11T07:26:00.003-07:00

1. Despite the considerable colonial legacy and rampant modernization, there are still over 50 distinct indigenous people, each with their own language, maintaining vestiges of their traditional lifestyles.

2. In Mexico City, crime has reached critical levels, with marked increase in the level of violence. The most frequently reported crimes involve taxi robberies, armed robbery, pickpocketing and purse snatching.

3. If you are traveling to Oaxaca and Chiapas, restrict your travel plan to the main tourist routes, maintain a high level of personal security awareness.

4. Citizens of many countries - including the USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Argentina, Chile and all Western European countries - do not require visas to enter Mexico as tourists. However, they must obtain a Mexican government tourist card (tarjeta de turista), available from embassies or at border crossings. Travelers entering Mexico from Guatemala or Belize are often given only 15 days on tourist cards.

5. Health risks include cholera, dengue fever, hepatitis, malaria, polio, rabies, tetanus and typhoid. Air pollution in Mexico City is extremely high between December and May.

6. Most of Mexico is on Central Standard Time (6 hours behind UTC). Baja California Sur and several other states in the northwest are on Mountain Standard Time (7 hours ahead of UTC) and Baja California Norte is on Pacific Standard Time (8 hours ahead of UTC).

Electricity: 110V, 60Hz.

Weights & measures: Metric.

Tourism: Estimated 16.5 million visitors per year.

7. Mexico's climate varies according to the country's topography. It's hot and humid along the coastal plains on both sides of the country, but inland, at higher elevations (such as in Guadalajara or Mexico City), the climate is much drier and more temperate.

8. The hot, wet season is from May to October. The southern coastal regions can be uncomfortably hot and extremely humid between July and September. Unless you want to do nothing but lie on the beach and avoid occasional downpours, it's best to avoid the southern coast of Mexico during these months - especially since July and August are also the peak holiday months for foreign visitors and the coastal resorts attract large numbers of tourists.

9. The period from October to May is the most pleasant time since it is fairly dry and comfortably warm. December to February are generally the coolest months, but north winds can make inland northern Mexico decidedly chilly, with extremely low temperatures. The peak domestic travel periods are Semana Santa (the week before Easter) and Christmas/New Year, when facilities are often heavily booked.

10. The Currency is Peso Budget. Your costs will also depend on where you spend your time: Mexico's big cities and coastal resorts are much more expensive than rural areas. If you take in a mix of these places, budget travelers should be able to squeeze by on around US$20-30 a day. Traveling in reasonable comfort, staying at the better mid-range places and eating at the more expensive restaurants should cost around US$60 per day. You'll spend a lot more than this if you stay at luxurious hotels and hire a car occasionally.

11. It's best to bring US-dollar denomination traveler's cheques and some US dollars in cash. You can exchange money in banks or in casas de cambio. Bank exchange facilities are open between 9 or 10 am and noon or 1 pm. Exchange rates vary a little from bank to bank. Airlines, car rental places and expensive hotels accept major credit cards.

12. In heavily touristed areas such as Acapulco, Cancún and Cozumel, you can often spend US dollars as easily as pesos at hotels and restaurants (although the exchange rate will probably be awful).

Note that the dollar sign is used to refer to pesos in Mexico so don't mix it up with US dollars which are usually marked US$ or USD.

13. Mexico has a 15% value-added tax (IVA) but by law this tax must be included in quoted prices. Sometimes - usually in top-end hotels - a price is quoted without this tax.

14. Tipping in restaurants in resort areas is equivalent to US levels - somewhere between 15% and 20%. Outside these areas, a tip of 10% is sufficient at mid-range or quality restaurants; in general, staff at smaller, cheaper places do not expect a tip. Expect to bargain at markets and with drivers of unmetered taxis.

15. The locales' general lack of interest in outdoor activities doesn't stop growing numbers of intrepid gringos from trekking off into what Mexicans probably consider absurdly rough. You can also indulge in fishing, snorkeling, diving, bathing and mountain climbing!

16. Try Mexican cuisine… it is centered on three national staples: tortillas fried beans and chili peppers. Tortillas are thin round patties of pressed corn or wheat-flour dough cooked on griddles. Beans (frijoles) are eaten boiled, fried or refried, in soups, on tortillas or with just about anything. Apart from an astonishing array of freshly squeezed fruit juices (jugos), which are readily available from street stalls, Mexico is also famous for its alcoholic beverages - mezcal and tequila in particular. Pulque is a mildly alcoholic drink derived directly from the sap of the maguey.

17. There's a departure tax of approximately US$12.50 if you purchase your air ticket in Mexico.

18. Flights in Mexico are not particularly cheap, although flying still represents good value for the money, especially considering the long, hot bus trip that may be the alternative. In recent years, the large airlines have left many of the domestic routes to smaller carriers. However, these start-up airlines and their timetables are particularly volatile; new ones are founded and older ones flounder at an alarming rate.

19. Buses are the most common mode of transport and bus routes are extensive. Long-distance buses are fairly comfortable, air-conditioned and acceptably fast. Local rural buses tend to be ancient, decaying, suspensionless models grinding out their dying years on dirt tracks. Combis, collectivos and peseros are minibuses used for local transport.

20. US driving licenses are valid in Mexico, and driving a car can be a good way to get to some of the most beautiful and isolated towns and villages, although you need to be forgiving of road conditions. In Mexico City, car use is restricted to lessen air pollution: the timetable for car use is based on the last digit of the license plate (eg, if your license plate ends with the number 5 or 6, you cannot drive on a Monday; if it ends with 7 or 8 you cannot drive on Tuesday, and so on).

Mexicans have a talent for art and a love of bright colors, since pre-Hispanic times. Today, Mexico is covered with murals and littered with galleries of contemporary and historic art, which is a highlight of the country for many visitors. Mexican creativity is also expressed through the country's vibrant folk-art tradition. Pre-Hispanic art consists mainly of stone carvings, frescoes and murals, and ceramics.

Kuwait

2008-09-11T07:26:00.002-07:00

1. Kuwait is expensive. For a country with a highly sophisticated financial system, it can be a remarkably frustrating place to change money. Banks charge excessive commissions and moneychangers often refuse to change travelers' cheques. The bright spot is that credit cards are widely accepted.

2. The situation in Kuwait is calm, but you should be vigilant. Keep in touch with developments in the Middle East. Any increase in regional tension might affect travel advice. Need for caution, no need to worry- when the tension in the Middle East is heightened.

3. Landmines are still to be found in Kuwait. When traveling outside Kuwait City it is advisable to keep to tarmac roads. Care should be taken when using beaches and picnic spots. Even where officially cleared there is still a danger from unexploded ones. Do not pick up any strange metal, plastic or other objects lying around. Do not souvenir hunt for war memorabilia.

4. Driving is hazardous. Many drivers exceed speed limits, switch lanes without warning, frequently ignore traffic lights and speak on their mobile phones while driving with scant attention to other road users. Constant vigilance is essential. You can drive only if you obtain a temporary Kuwaiti driving license and take out compulsory third party insurance.

5. Kuwait is a Muslim state and Islamic customs, in public, are strictly observed. You should respect the accompanying customs.

6. The import and use of narcotics, alcohol and pork products are forbidden. Possession of obscene material may also be punished by a prison sentence. Drunken behaviour in public or driving under the influence of alcohol renders the offender liable to a fine or imprisonment and/or deportation and the withdrawal of their driving license.

7. In public, general modesty of behaviour and dress is expected. Women are expected to dress up accordingly.

8. Photography near military and industrial sites, particularly oil fields, is not permitted.

9. Visas should be obtained in advance from a Kuwaiti embassy, or arranged through a sponsor/host in Kuwait. (Some hotels will arrange this for guests booked with them. Kuwait Airways can also arrange this for their passengers). The visa consists of a white paper, which is handed in to the immigration official on arrival, and a pink paper, which is handed in on departure.

10. There is a state medical service with local clinics and several good hospitals. There are also a number of doctors and dentists in private practice, and private hospitals. Their fees are controlled by the State and are expensive. Ensure that you have medical and travel insurance.

11. Passports are usually retained by government bodies for official purposes. You must have a copy of their passport.

12. The authorities take a very serious view of "bouncing" cheques. The law does not provide for offenders to be released from custody on bail. "Post-dating" cheques is illegal.

13. Get a visa before traveling. Bring enough money. Keep belongings in a safe place. Check the Foreign and Commonwealth Office Travel Advice before traveling.

14. Respect local laws and customs. Modesty of behaviour and dress is expected.

15. Avoid taking photographs of military and industrial establishments, particularly oil fields.

16. Driving is hazardous. Vigilance is essential. Enter next of kin details into the back of your passport.

17. Big No to - drugs or alcohol, pork products, pornographic material.

18. Kuwait has a very cheap and extensive system of both local and inter-city buses. You can also use local taxis to get around, though these have no meters, so get a firm price before starting out.

19. Tipping is only expected in fancier restaurants. Know, however, that the service charge added to your bill in such places goes into the till, not to the wait staff. Bargaining is not common except in souks (bazaars).

20. Fuul, felafel and houmos are the three staples of the Middle East, and you'll find them at breakfast, lunch and dinner.

Fuul is a paste made from fava beans, garlic and lemon, usually served swimming in oil. Felafel is deep-fried balls of chickpea paste with spices, served in a piece of khobz (Arabic flat bread) with pickled vegetables or tomato. Houmos is cooked chickpeas ground into a paste and mixed with garlic and lemon. Arabic bread is eaten with absolutely everything and is also called aish, meaning 'life'. It's round and flat and makes good filler. Main dishes are usually chicken, kebabs or meat and vegetable stews. A lot of Kuwait's restaurants are Indian, which rarely have anything other than biryanis (a spicy rice dish) on the menu. Western fast foods abound. Coffeehouses (qahwa) are a great social institution in Kuwait.

TIME ZONE

GMT + 3

TELEPHONE SERVICES

Country Code: 965
IDD: International Direct Dialing is available
Outgoing Code: 00

LOCAL TOURIST INFORMATION

Department of Tourism; Ministry of Information; PO Box 193; 13002 Safat

PASSPORT INFORMATION

Valid passport required by all. Requirements may be subject to change at short notice. Contact the relevant authority before traveling.

VISA INFORMATION

Required by all except: Nationals of Bahrain; Oman; Qatar; and the United Arab Emirates for a stay up to 3 months. Nationals of Saudi Arabia for an unlimited period.

PROHIBITED ITEMS

Alcohol; pork products; goods from Israel. Penalties are severe and almost everyone's bag is checked at customs.

AIRPORT DEPARTURE TAX

KWD 2 for international departures. Children under 12 are exempt.

HEALTH MATTERS

Typhoid: Vaccination recommended.
Other Health Risks: Cholera

FOOD AND DRINK

Water is untreated and not safe to drink.

CURRENCY

Kuwait Dinar (KWD) = 1000 fils. All credit cards and travelers cards are accepted. US dollars are the preferred cheque currency.
ATM availability: 180 locations.

MONEY WIRING SERVICES

MoneyGram: 800 288 Western Union: 245 0852

CREDIT CARD EMERGENCY NUMBERS

Amex: +44 1273 696933
Diners Club: 965 5755588
Kuwait Visa: (1) 410 581 9091

TRAVELERS CHEQUES EMERGENCY NUMBERS

Kuwait Thomas Cook: +44 1733 318950
Kuwait

BANKING HOURS

0800 - 1200 Sun to Thurs.

COST OF LIVING

Expensive and may be difficult for the budget traveler.

LANGUAGES

Arabic. English is generally widely understood.

WEATHER

Summer: (Apr - Oct) is hot and humid with little rain.
Winter: (Nov - Mar) is cool with limited rainfall.

RELIGIONS

Mostly Muslim with Christian and Hindu minorities.

PUBLIC HOLIDAYS

2000: Jan 01; 10-12. Feb 25-27. Mar 18-20. Apr 08. Jun 16. Oct 28 Nov 30. Dec 31.
2001: Jan 01; Feb 25; 26; Mar 07-09; 28. Jun 05. Oct 15; Dec 18-20

POST

Airmail to Western Europe takes about 5 days.

RADIO FREQUENCIES

BBC: 17.64 15.58 11.76 9.410 VOA: 15.21 11.83 9.740 6.070.

WOMEN IN SOCIETY

Harassment of women travelers has been increasing. Do not travel alone in secluded places.

TRANSPORT

ROAD: A good network exists between cities.
BUS: Reliable and inexpensive service operates between main cities.
TAXI: Popular and reliable service; but fares should always be agreed in advance.
CAR HIRE: Available.

Japan

2008-09-11T07:26:00.001-07:00

1. Check the Foreign and Commonwealth Office Travel Advice before traveling.

2. Don't carry parcels or packages for 'friends'. Penalties are severe if something illegal is found.

3. Bring enough money for the duration of your stay.

4. Keep belongings safe, especially your passport.

5. Enter next of kin details into the back of your passport.

6. Don't break the law - detention for minor offences can result in considerably longer stays in local police stations.

7. Many Automatic Cash Dispensers do not accept credit cards and do not operate 24 hours a day, closing at 9pm or earlier.

8. Don't bring Vicks Inhalers purchased outside of Japan into the country (Vicks Inhalers contain a substance, 1-desoxyephedrine, which is banned for use or possession under Japan's strictly enforced Anti Stimulant Drugs Law).

9. Keep some cash for the departure tax if you are departing Japan from Kansai International Airport.

10. Travel throughout Japan is relatively easy. Taxis can be very expensive but other modes of travel are reasonably priced, by Japanese standards.

11. If you are departing from Kansai International Airport at Osaka, you have to pay departure tax of 2,650 yen (rates may change) in cash in order to board their flight.

12. Detention for minor offences can entail considerably longer stays in local police stations.

13. Drug offenders are given harsh treatment, even for possession of a small amount of cannabis for personal use.

14. Approach Japanese Embassy for advice and help whenever required.

15. Medical assistance, should it be required, can be very expensive. Have adequate medical insurance before arriving in Japan.

16. Numerous earthquakes occur in Japan each year, some far more serious than others.

17. Japan is a very expensive country and is still mainly cash society. It is only in recent years that credit cards have become more accepted over a wider area outside large cities.

18. However, it may not be possible to use credit cards to obtain cash from Automatic Cash Dispensers. Check this detail with your card issuing company before traveling. Many Automatic Cash Dispensers cease operating after 21:00, or even earlier.

19. The Japanese bow while presenting their visiting cards. You will see common people use electronic gadgets with ease.

Practice these tips and see what your visit reaps!

Jamaica

2008-09-11T07:26:00.000-07:00

1. The beaches, mountains and carnal red sunsets of Jamaica regularly appear in the world's tourist brochures. You have great options! You can choose a private villa with your own private beach; laugh your vacation away at a party-hearty resort or throw yourself into the thick of the island's life.

2. Some facts you need to know-People fall into these origins: 76% African descent, 15% Afro-European descent, 4% European, 3% East Indian & Middle Eastern, 1% Afro-Chinese & Chinese Language: English and patois.

3. Canadian citizens and US citizens do not need passports for visits up to six months. All other visitors must arrive with a passport, but most western travelers do not need a visa.

4. Some basic information: Health risks: None Time: UTC minus 6 hours Electricity: 110V, 60 Hz Weights & measures: Imperial

5. Jamaica is a year-round destination, thanks to its idyllic tropical maritime climate. Seasons are virtually non-existent and daytime maximum temperatures along the coast hover constantly around 80-86°F (27-30°C). Even up in the Blue Mountains temperatures are only just under 68°F (20°C) for most of the year.

6. If you plan on spending time on the east coast or in the Blue Mountains, you may wish to take account of the so-called rainy season, which extends from May to November with two peaks: May/ June and October/ November. Although this time of year is a little more humid than others, rain usually falls for short periods (normally in the late afternoon) and it's quite possible to enjoy sunshine for most of your visit.

7. The peak tourist season runs from mid-December to mid-April, with Christmas and Easter the busiest weeks. During this period the resort areas of the island are flooded with foreign tourists and hotel prices are highest. You can save money (40% or more at some hotels) by visiting Jamaica during the less-crowded low season, which lasts from May to November.

8. Jamaica hosts a full calendar of musical, artistic, cultural and sporting events.

9. The currency is Jamaican dollar (called jay).

10. Meals Budget: US$2-5 Mid-range: US$10-20 Top-end: US$20 and upwards. Lodging-Budget: US$15-25 Mid-range: US$25-60 Top-end: US$60 and upwards.

11. Jamaica is relatively inexpensive compared to other Caribbean islands, though how much you spend depends largely on the style in which you travel. Budget travelers will need around US$20-30 per day, while those staying in comfortable hotels and eating at tourist restaurants will need at least US$75 per day - add another US$50 per day if you hire a car. Rates at all-inclusive resorts begin at $300.

12. All major brands of traveler's cheques and credit cards are accepted in Jamaica. You can exchange money at banks, licensed exchange bureaus or hotels, though the rate at hotels is usually 2% to 5% below the bank rate. Plenty of Jamaicans will approach you to change Jamaican dollars on the black market. This is illegal and the black market rate is usually only 5% to 10% better than the bank rate.

13. The government charges a 15% General Consumption Tax on hotel and restaurant bills and most purchases from shops. Most hotels add an additional 10% service charge. A 10% tip is considered normal in most hotels and restaurants, though some restaurants add a 10% to 15% service charge, in which case there's no need to leave an additional tip. Most prices in shops are fixed but bargaining at street stalls and markets is expected. Bargaining occasionally gets a bit brusque so do your best to keep things good-natured.

14. The majority of budget hotels are on the south side of New Kingston. There are heaps of good food options. You can smell the spice and smoke as you drive along. Red Hills Road is one place for street parties and discos, but regardless of which area you find yourself roaming, reggae music is sure to be blaring.

15. Jamaica has panoply of sports and special-interest activities (quite possible that you may get bored of the beach). Hikers could spend weeks exploring Jamaica's embryonic trail system, mainly in the Blue Mountains, or tramping rough bridle tracks nationwide. Golf, horse riding and scuba diving are the main activities.

16. From hotel beach parties to the raw discos of the working-class suburbs, Jamaica reverberates to the soul-riveting sounds of Calypso, Soca (a soul-calypso fusion) and reggae. Music is everywhere.

17. Officially English is the spoken language but in reality, Jamaica is a bilingual country and English is far more widely understood than spoken. The unofficial lingo is patois - a musical dialect with a uniquely Jamaican rhythm and cadence. Patois evolved from the Creole English and a twisted alchemy of the mother tongue peppered with African, Portuguese and Spanish terms, and Rastafarian slang.

18. Beware of marijuana or hallucinogenic mushroom teas, which may be more than you bargained for in an after-dinner digestive! Skyjuice is a favorite cool drink, made from shaved ice flavored with syrup. Coconut juice, straight from the nut, is also popular. Beer and rum are the most popular alcoholic drinks. Jamaican Blue Mountains coffee is among the most flavorsome in the world, but due to farcical authentication and licensing requirements, much of what is sold as the genuine article is not all it's cracked up to be.

19. Jamaica's idyllic tropical maritime climate means that dramatic fluctuations in temperature are virtually non-existent. However, weather patterns can change quickly especially during rain-prone months of May to December.

20. Jamaica is easy to get to, enjoying one of the best air feeds in the Caribbean from both North America (usually Miami or New York) and Europe.

21. Intra-island flights can be a quick way to travel between Montego Bay, Kingston, Negril, Ocho Rios and Port Antonio. Helicopters can also be chartered for scenic rides or for personalized tours, but this will dig a deep hole in your money. Jamaica's bus 'system,' while comprehensive, is the epitome of chaos: timetables don't really exist and buses are often literally overflowing. Buses and minibuses do service every village in the country though, so if you're getting out and about, you're sure to use them. The upside is that they're inexpensive and a great way to meet the locals. Whether you find traveling by bus fun, frustrating, freaky or infuriating depends on your frame of mind.

22. Numerous local and international operators rent cars and motorcycles. Road conditions vary from excellent to awful, driver temperament varies from merely impatient to flagrantly suicidal. Expect to be honked at, sworn at and swerved around. Stay calm and stay cautious, and if you do 'mash up,' don't be drawn into an argument with an emotional Jamaican driver.

Very few Jamaicans have bicycles, but you can rent bikes in towns of any size.

Jamaica's homegrown cuisine is a fusion of many ethnic traditions, with Arawak Indian, Spanish, African, Indian, Middle Eastern, Chinese and British influences all detectable. A typical Jamaican breakfast is ackee, a tree-grown fruit that bears an uncanny resemblance to scrambled eggs when cooked. Lunch is usually a light snack, maybe heavily seasoned meat or vegetable pie. Main meals usually feature goat or pork, usually curried, served with rice and beans. Seafood dishes are also popular, often pickled and fried with peppers and onions. Jamaica's most popular dish is jerk, a term that describes the process of cooking meats smothered in tongue-searing marinade, and barbecued slowly in an outdoor pit over a fire of pimento wood, which gives the meat its distinctive flavor. Tea is a generic Jamaican term for any hot, brewed drink, and may be herbal, mixed with rum, milk, spices and even fish.

Ireland

2008-09-11T07:25:00.003-07:00

1. Be absolutely sure that during the stay you will not face any difficulties. The capital, Dublin, is a bustling city and therefore is the centre for nightlife and shopping, attracting a lot of people.

2. The Dublin shopping centre is very busy especially at weekends, shop your heart out.

3. The other main cities of Ireland are Cork, Limerick, Galway and Killarney.

4. Take normal, sensible precautions to avoid personal attacks, bag snatching and pick pocketing.

5. Try to avoid carrying valuables and large sums of money.

6. Car theft is on the rise in Dublin. Take care of what you are taking with you, even if it is a taxi.

7. Do not drink and drive over the legal drinking limit as you may be heavily penalized or even imprisoned.

8. Abstain from drugs of any kind. Possession of even small quantities can lead to long terms of imprisonment.

9. Please do not offer to carry parcels or luggage for any other person when entering Ireland.

10. Carry your passport or any other form of Photo ID.

11. Check before you travel that your Bank ATM card is suitable to be used in the wall cash dispensers in Ireland.

12. Ensure that you have sufficient medical insurance to cover your stay in Ireland.

13. Should you have to consult a doctor you are likely to be asked for payment for the consultation.

14. Local laws and customs ought to be respected.

15. Try Irish cuisine. They are great to taste.

16. Be warm to the people and you are going to love that place.

The Irish are supposed to be very beautiful… mostly attributed to the food they eat. Good complexion… they say is Irish complexion. (Potato is a staple diet… explains why beauty therapists use potato peels).

Take care that you are equipped with European clothes with light- to medium-weights in summer, medium- to heavy-weights in winter.

Indonesia

2008-09-11T07:25:00.001-07:00

1. Check the latest Foreign and Commonwealth Office Travel Advice before traveling.

2. Carry enough money and make sure you have a fall back for emergencies.

3. Take sensible security precautions by avoiding displays of jewelry or money; take extra care at banks and money machines; beware of pickpockets, especially in malls, train stations.

4. Medical advice should be sought regarding malaria.

5. Leave a copy of your passport and itinerary with a contact in your country.

6. Enjoy your visit and respect any local laws and customs, which are usually well documented in guidebooks.

7. Don't carry drugs, penalties can be severe.

8. Don't overstay your visa. Review the security of the place, where you are staying.

9. Keep the doors locked and windows secure when in your car.

10. Avoid traveling alone at night. When taking a taxi, use one from a reputable firm, preferably booked by phone. For longer journeys it is a sensible precaution to notify friends of travel plans, contact them on arrival.

11. If you want to take part in water sports and scuba diving in Indonesia, become aware that rescue services are not as comprehensive as other developed countries.

12. Entry to Indonesia may be refused and airlines may not carry passengers holding passports with less than 6 months validity.

Overstaying without the proper authority is a serious matter and visitors can be held in detention or refused permission to leave the country until a fine is paid.

13. The standard of local medical care is uneven. Some medical tests cannot be done reliably in country.

14. It is a requirement for foreigners to be able to show some identity if requested by, for example, the Police. It is permissible to carry photocopies of the relevant pages of passports to avoid losing the original, which should be kept in a safe place.

15. Regular monitoring of the security situation takes place to ensure safety remains paramount.

16. Take full insurance cover for medical treatment and accidents, and it is advisable to have cover for unexpected losses such as cancelled flights, stolen cash, cards, passport or luggage.

Hungary

2008-09-11T05:59:00.001-07:00

1. Hungary's central position and experience in welcoming travelers makes it the ideal place to enter Eastern Europe. In all probability, you'll arrive in picturesque Budapest, which has a lively arts, café and music scene, and is host to a range of cultural and sporting festivals. To venture outside the capital is to travel through plains, resort-lined lakes, Baroque towns, and rustic villages. Don't miss this.

2. Hungary's other attractions include sampling its quality wines, 'taking the waters' in a relaxing thermal spa, or bird-watching in some of the best spots in Europe.

3. As you read on, you'll find that this is a great place. However, watch out as Bag snatching and Pickpocketing are common in Budapest in particular.

4. Be particularly careful on busy public transport and at markets and other places frequented by tourists. Leave valuables in a hotel safe. Do not carry large amounts of cash. Do not use street money-changers. Criminals sometimes pose as police officers; always ask for credentials and/or insist on going to the police station.

5. There are occasional incidents of tourists being charged exorbitant prices, sometimes accompanied by threats of violence, in certain bars and restaurants in Budapest. Be wary of strangers inviting you to unfamiliar establishments, and of menus that do not properly display prices. Theft of and from vehicles is common.

6. Carry your passport at all times. You must be able to show some form of identity if requested, e.g. by the police. A photocopy is not acceptable.

7. Hungarian laws on the possession and use of drugs are strict. It is illegal to drive having consumed alcohol. The use of headlights is compulsory on roads outside towns even in daytime. For further information, check with the Hungarian Embassy. Take adequate comprehensive insurance.

8. There is good public transport in all the main towns. Budapest has bus, trolley bus, tramway, suburban railway (HEV), a 3-line metro and boat services. The metro has ticket barriers at all stations. The bus-trolley /bus-tramway system has pre-purchase flat fares with ticket puncher on board. Day passes are available for all the transport modes in the city.

9. Most Hungarians enjoy modern music and dance, although older people still preserve their traditions and culture, particularly in small villages. Handshaking is customary. Now you know how to greet them.

10. Few people speak English outside hotels, big restaurants and tourist offices.

11. Gifts are acceptable for hosts as a token of thanks, particularly when invited for a meal.

12. Casual wear is acceptable in most places, with the exception of expensive restaurants and bars. Formal attire should be worn for important social functions, but it is not common practice to specify dress on invitations.

13. Smoking is prohibited on public transport in towns and public buildings.

14. Budapest has many nightclubs, bars and discos. There is a casino in the Budapest Hilton, and one on the river in front of the Forum. Hungary's major celebration is the Budapest Spring Festival (March), a two-week cultural extravaganza of local and international performances, conferences and exhibitions.

15. Hungary remains a bargain destination. If you stay in private rooms, eat at medium-priced restaurants and travel 2nd-class on trains, you could save your money. ( in case you want to cut down costs substantially)

16. You can exchange cash and travelers' cheques up to 30,000 Ft at banks and travel agents, usually for a commission of 1% to 2%. Post offices almost always change cash, but rarely cheques. ATMs accepting credit and debit cards can be found throughout the country, but it's always useful to carry a little foreign cash, preferably US dollars or Deutschmarks in case your plastic doesn't work. Credit cards can be used in up-market restaurants, shops, hotels, car rental firms, travel agencies and petrol stations.

17. Hungary has a tip-conscious society and virtually everyone routinely tips waiters, hairdressers, taxi drivers and even doctors, dentists and petrol-station attendants about 10%. Not leaving a tip, or leaving a very small tip, is a strong signal that you were less than impressed with the service. Never leave money on the table in a restaurant: tell the waiter how much money you want to leave as a tip as you are paying the bill. Bargaining is not the done thing in Hungary, but you can try a little gentle haggling in flea markets or with individuals selling folk crafts.

18. Try the local food- Local dishes include halászlé (fish soup) with pasta and goulash (gulyás) soup. You'll have to dig a little to unearth the wonders of Hungarian cuisine. The natural abundance of fruits and vegetables should make eating here a delight, but unfortunately this is often not the case. Generally, basic dishes consist of fatty meat (pork is generally preferred) or overcooked fish, some sort of starch, and a teensy-weensy garnish of pickles. These include: pörkölt (stew, and what everyone calls 'goulash' abroad); gulyás (a thickish beef soup); and halászlé (spicy fish soup cooked with paprika). If you keep your eyes open for jokai bableves (bean soup), hideg gyumolcsleves (cold fruit soup made from sour cherry) or palacsinta (stuffed crepes) your tastebuds will thank you for it. Decent wine isn't difficult to find (but you'll have to look hard for the very good stuff), while the beer is good, and the brandy (pálinka) strong.

19. Hungary's domestic transportation system is efficient, comprehensive and inexpensive. Volán run yellow buses between neighbouring cities and towns, and yellow-and-red long-distance buses to far-flung smaller communities. Rail services, run by MÁV, are less extensive, although they do have some delightful excursions, including a 'nostalgia' steam-train trip around Lake Balaton in summer. There are also a number of narrow-gauge trains, operated by United Forest Railways, which run in wooded and hilly areas.

20. Ferries operate on Lake Balaton, the Danube between Budapest and Esztergom, and the Tisza River, but these are generally warm-weather pleasure-trips rather than real means of transport. There are no scheduled domestic flights in Hungary at present, although several routes are planned. Major international car-rental agencies have offices in Budapest, and there are scores of local companies throughout the country, but don't count on any bargains. Local transport in the cities and towns is well developed, and includes buses and trolley buses, as well as trams in Budapest, Debrecen, Szeged and Miskolc. Budapest also has an underground Metro and a suburban commuter railway called the HÉV. Taxis are plentiful and, if you're charged the right fare (not always the case in Budapest), very reasonably priced.

Cinemas in major towns show many English films. During summer months the popular Lake Balaton resort has a lively nightlife. Western Hungary in particular has a lot of very good wine cellars. You'll really miss something if you don't hear traditional folk music and dancing, as the gypsy music which is so common in bars is not considered the 'true' folk tradition of the country. The magnificent Budapest Opera House stages regular performances, and seats are (by Western standards) exceedingly cheap! You've heard of them… now see it!

Contacts-Hungary

TIME ZONE

GMT + 1 (GMT + 2 in the summer)

TELEPHONE SERVICES

Country Code: 36
IDD: International direct dialing is available
Outgoing Code: 00

EMERGENCY TELEPHONE NUMBERS

Police - 107; Ambulance - 104; Fire - 105

LOCAL TOURIST INFORMATION

Tourinform (Hungarian Tourist Board); H 1052 Budapest; Sütö2; Hungary Tel: (1) 117 9800 Fax: (1) 117 9578.

PASSPORT INFORMATION

Valid passport required by all except nationals of France and Germany holding a national identity card. All passports must be valid for at least 6 months. Requirements may be subject to short-term changes. Contact embassy before departure.

VISA INFORMATION

Required by all except: Nationals of Canada; USA; Japan for a stay of up to 90 days. Nationals of the UK for a stay of up to 6 months. Nationals of Austria; Finland and Spain for a stay up to 30 days. Nationals of Argentina; Bulgaria; Chile; Costa Rica; Ecuador; Iceland; Israel; South Korea Liechtenstein; Monaco; Norway; Poland; Seychelles; South Africa; Switzerland and Uruguay for a stay up to 90 days. Nationals of CIS (with the exception of citizens of Uzbekistan who do need a visa); Bosnia-Herzegovina; Croatia; Cuba; Cyprus; Czech Republic; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Malaysia; Malta; Nicaragua; Romania; San Marino; Slovak Republic; Slovenia; Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) for at stay up to 30 days. Nationals of Singapore for a stay up to 14 days.

PROHIBITED ITEMS

Narcotics and firearms.

AIRPORT DEPARTURE TAX

Not present.

HEALTH MATTERS

Typhoid Malaria Yellow Fever Other Health Risks: Rabies

FOOD AND DRINK

Water is considered drinkable; normal precautions should be observed with food.

CURRENCY

Hungarian Forint (HUF) = 100 fillér. Exchange: banks; hotels; airports; railway stations; some restaurants.
NOTE: Import and export of local currency is limited to HUF 10000. Retain all exchange receipts. All major credit cards and travelers cheques are widely accepted. German DM is the preferred currency. ATM availability: Over 1000 locations.

MONEY WIRING SERVICES

MoneyGram: 00 800 12249 Western Union: (01) 267 4282

CREDIT CARD EMERGENCY NUMBERS

Amex: +44 1273 696933
Diners Club: 36 1 268 8888
Hungary Visa:L (1) 410 581 9091

TRAVELERS CHEQUES EMERGENCY NUMBERS

Hungary Thomas Cook: 00 800 11501 Hungary

BANKING HOURS

0900 - 1400 Mon. to Fri.

COST OF LIVING

Westerners will not experience great disparity in local and Western prices.

LANGUAGES

Hungarian (Magyar). German is widely spoken. Some English and French may also be spoken; mainly in the West.

WEATHER

June - Aug. is usually very warm. Spring and autumn are mild and winters are very cold. There is rainfall throughout the year and snow in winter.

RELIGIONS

Mostly Roman Catholic with some Protestant. Eastern Orthodox and Jewish minorities are also present.

PUBLIC HOLIDAYS

2000: Jan 01. Mar 15. Apr 24. May 01. Jun 12. Aug 20. Oct 23. Dec 25; 26.
2001: Jan 01. Mar 15. Apr 16. May 01. Jun 04. Aug 20. Oct 23. Dec 25; 26.

POST

3 - 7 days to other European destinations.

RADIO FREQUENCIES

BBC: 15.07 12.09 9.410 6.195 VOA: 9.670 6.040 5.995 1.197

WOMEN IN SOCIETY

Traditional roles persist in rural areas. However, modern influences are developing in urban regions.

TRANSPORT

RAIL: All main cities are connected by regular services but facilities are often inadequate. Concessions are available to groups of six or more and the young and elderly.
ROAD: Generally the road system is good. Zero alcohol is permitted when driving. BUS: Services link Budapest with the major provincial towns.
CAR HIRE: Available at large hotels and the main airports.

HongKong

2008-09-11T05:58:00.002-07:00

1. Feel upbeat- that's the most essential tip, be prudent enough to take these instructions as ways to feel good rather than do's and don'ts.

2. Check Foreign and Commonwealth Office Travel Advice before traveling.

3. Leave details of your travel plans, your passport and your credit cards with friends or relatives at home.

4. Carry a copy of the data page of your passport with you, separate from your actual passport, in case it becomes necessary to replace a stolen/lost passport.

5. Make sure you are adequately covered by both medical and travel insurance.

6. Ensure that you have enough funds for your stay and return flight. Prices in Hong Kong can be considerably high.

7. Keep all your belongings, cash, and cards in a safe place. Crowded areas such as the Mass Transit Railway system and the tourist areas of Hong Kong are known to contain pickpockets. Robberies have occurred in the main nighttime entertainment centres.

8. Legal cases could take some months to come to trial.

9. Persons using prescribed drugs should carry an explanatory note from their doctor or hospital.

10. Don't carry anything through customs for someone else unless you know exactly what it contains.

11. Don't overstay beyond the limit of your visa. The Hong Kong authorities consider overstaying a serious matter and you may be held in detention, fined and deported, or removed at your own expense.

12. Photography- As a general precaution don't take photographs of military installations in Hong Kong.

13. Do not get involved in illicit drugs of any kind. Possession of these drugs can lead to imprisonment.

14. Although Hong Kong is now part of the People's Republic of China, it remains a Special Administrative Region with its own immigration controls. Visitors to Hong Kong can stay for up to six months without a visa.

15. Consult your physician before traveling.

Now, aren't you geared to travel?

Greece

2008-09-11T05:58:00.000-07:00

1. Did you know that Greece has 16 international airports and has air links to every major city in Europe? In addition, there are direct flights to and from the USA, Canada, Australia and various Asian cities.

2. Greece is generally a safe country but you need to be aware that the tourist season attracts an increase in the incidents of theft of- wallets, handbags etc. particularly in areas and events where crowds gather.

3. Passports and other valuables should be left in safe custody at the hotel or apartment.

4. Maintain personal security awareness. Lone visitors, particularly women, are advised not to accept lifts from strangers or passing acquaintances at any time, especially at night or in the early hours of the morning.

5. Air travel and local transport facilities are likely to be affected in the event of a strike. You should check your travel arrangements with your airline or tour operator.

6. Generally there are no local travel restrictions, but certain areas near the Greek borders are militarily sensitive, and should be avoided.

7. Be cautious, as the incidence of road traffic accidents is high. Do not hire motorcycles, scooters and mopeds, as accidents involving these forms of transport are common and can often result in very serious or even fatal injury.

8. Say an emphatic "No" to drugs. Possession of even small quantities can lead to long terms of imprisonment.

9. Driving any vehicle whilst over the legal drinking limit is heavily penalized and can result in stiff fines and/or imprisonment.

10. Greece is a member of the European Union, For longer stays, application should be made to the appropriate office for a residence permit.

11. There are numerous Public and Private Hospitals and Medical Centres of varying standards in the country. Doctors and facilities are generally good on the mainland, but may be limited on the islands. The Public Ambulance Service, which will normally respond to any accident, is rudimentary.

12. Travel light. Since you will be responsible for carting your belongings, take as little as possible, leaving some room in your suitcase for purchases made along the way.

13. Diet tends to be both interesting and delicious-if you are a little adventurous. Ouzo and raki are the anise-flavored aperitifs in Greece; wines are very good, and so is the beer. (No one looks kindly at drug habits though).

14. Cotton is a good choice-in terms of the clothes that you are going to wear.

15. Sunday is the ideal day to shop. On Sunday, Monistiraki is truly a flea market, and Abyssinia Square is the most interesting area. The Olive Shop of Sabbas Psychogios is located in the section of the Agora meat market closest to Omonia square. Be sure to pay them a visit. The shop specializes in olives from all over Greece.

16. Breakfast is the most important meal of the day. If you walk into a restaurant, you are permitted and encouraged to go to the kitchen to see what they have to offer...

17. Ancient Theatre performances are popular when it comes to entertainment. For a unique experience, The Theater of Irodion (Herod Atticus) at the foot of the Acropolis in Athens features concert and dance performances.

18. Codeine, which is commonly found in headache preparations, is banned in Greece and you may face prosecution if you bring it into the country.

19. Greece is not cheap. If you want a real vacation - comfortable rooms and good restaurants all the way - its going to be expensive. Hotel rates vary enormously according to season - you can save as much as 30% if you travel outside high season (mid-June till end of August).

20. Banks exchange all major currencies in cash, travelers' cheques or Eurocheques; the commission is lower for cash. Post offices exchange cash but not travelers' cheques, and usually charge lower commissions than banks. Travel agencies and larger hotels change cash and travelers' cheques but usually charge higher commissions than banks. Banknote exchange machines can be found in most tourist areas. All upmarket shops, restaurants and hotels accept credit cards. Visa, MasterCard and Eurocard are the most widely accepted. Most banks have ATMs where you can access your debit or credit account.

In restaurants the service charge is included in the bill but it is the custom to leave a small amount; rounding up the bill is usually sufficient. Likewise for taxis - a small gratuity is appreciated. Bargaining is not as widespread in Greece. Prices in most shops are clearly marked and non-negotiable. It's always worth bargaining over the price of hotel rooms, especially if you are intending to stay a few days. And then there is the nightlife… Starting at around 6 p.m. the place undergoes the transformation from working class light industrial, to a mecca of cafes, bars, and restaurants.

Contacts-Greece

TIME ZONE

GMT + 2 (GMT + 3 from the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September)

TELEPHONE SERVICES

Country Code: 30 + 1 for Athens; 31 Thessaloniki; 81 Heraklion; 661 Corfu.
IDD: International direct dialling is available throughout the mainland and islands.
Outgoing Code: 00

EMERGENCY TELEPHONE NUMBERS
Dial 112 anywhere in the EU to reach the emergency services. Additional local numbers: -Police - 100; Ambulance - 166; Fire - 199.

LOCAL TOURIST INFORMATION

Ellinikos Oragnismos Tourismou (EOT) (national Tourist Organisation of Greece); PO Box 1017; Odos Amerikis 2; 105 64 Athens; Greece Tel: (1) 322 3111/19 Fax: (1) 322 4148.

PASSPORT INFORMATION

Passports are required to be valid for at least 6 months required by all except: EU Nationals with a valid ID card who have sufficient funds for the length of their stay. Requirements may be subject to change at short notice. Contact the relevant authority before traveling.

VISA INFORMATION

Visas required by all except: Nationals of Great Britain; Australia; Canada; USA; EU; Japan for a period of 3 months. Nationals of Andorra; Argentina; Chile; Croatia; Cyprus; Czech Republic; Ecuador; Hong Kong; Hungary; Iceland; Israel; Liechtenstein; Malta; Mexico; Monaco; New Zealand; Nicaragua; Norway; Poland; San Marino; Slovak Republic; Slovenia; South Korea; Switzerland; St Christophe; Taiwan (China) for a period up to 3 months. Nationals of Brazil; El Salvador; and Uruguay for a period of up to 2 months. Nationals of Peru for a period up to 1 month. Nationals of Singapore for a period of up to 2 weeks.
NOTE: Visitors using chartered tickets; leaving Greece on an overnight trip to another country; may risk having their return ticket invalidated by the authorities.

PROHIBITED ITEMS

Plants; one surf board per person (if entered in passport). The export of antiques is prohibited unless permission is obtained from the Archaeological Service in Athens. Those who fail to comply will be prosecuted.

AIRPORT DEPARTURE TAX

Dr6;000 incl. of ticket price.

HEALTH MATTERS

Typhoid, Malaria, Yellow Fever: A vaccination certificate is required from visitors over 6 months of age coming from infected areas.
Other Health Risks: Rabies.

FOOD AND DRINK

Water is untreated and not safe to drink.

CURRENCY

Drachmar (Dr) Exchange: Currency can be changed at banks and money exchangers. NOTE: Import of local currency is limited to Dr100000 and export to Dr20000 for non-residents and Dr40000 for residents. All major credit cards are accepted. Travelers cheques are accepted in all major currencies; and can be easily changed at banks. ATM availability: Over 1500 locations.

MONEY WIRING SERVICES

MoneyGram: 00 800 11 293 0309 Western Union: 01 927 1010

CREDIT CARD EMERGENCY NUMBERS

Amex: +44 1273 696933
Diners Club: (30) (1) 9241345
Greece Visa: 00 800 11 481 0304

TRAVELERS CHEQUES EMERGENCY NUMBERS

Greece Thomas Cook: 00 800 4412 8366 Greece

BANKING HOURS

0800 - 1400 Mon. to Fri. Many of the banks of the larger islands stay open longer, especially during the tourist season.

COST OF LIVING

Tourist centres can be very cheap when compared to other European countries.

LANGUAGES

Most people connected with tourism will speak some English; German; Italian or French.

WEATHER

Warm Mediterranean climate. Nov - Mar is when most rain falls. Winters are mild in the South but much cooler in the North.

RELIGIONS

Mainly Greek Orthodox. Muslim and Roman Catholic minorities also exist.

PUBLIC HOLIDAYS

2000: Jan 01; 06. Mar 13; 25 Apr 28-May 01; 30. Aug 15. Oct 28. Dec 25; 26.
2001: Jan 01; 06. Feb 26; Mar 25; Apr 13-16; May 01; 30. Aug 15. Oct 28. Dec 25; 26.

POST

All postcards and letters for overseas will be sent by airmail. Poste Restante is available at the post office.

RADIO FREQUENCIES

BBC: 15.07 13.23 9.410 6.180 VOA: 15.20 9.760 6.040 5.995.

WOMEN IN SOCIETY

Usual precautions should be taken.

TRANSPORT

RAIL: Regular trains operate between Athens and the main cities. There is a 20% discount on return fares and other offers available.
ROAD: Good road network.
BUS: Link Athens and all the main towns in Attica; Northern Greece and Peloponnese.
TAXI: Run on a shared basis. Rates are reasonable. There is an extra charge on journeys from / to airports; ports; stations.
CAR HIRE: Most firms operate throughout Greece;

Germany

2008-09-11T05:56:00.000-07:00

1. Germany- the country that has had an eventful past! Besides, these are the hints for a great time… Get adequate travel insurance. Ensure that you are fully covered not only for medical treatment, local hospitalization and medical evacuation but also for unexpected expenses such as costs incurred from overbooked or cancelled flights.

2. Check Foreign and Commonwealth Office Travel Advice before traveling.

3. Carry your passport with you as identification. This is a legal requirement.

4. Keep your valuables safe. If valuables are stolen, inform the police and make a report.

5. Enter next of kin details into the back of your passport.

6. Do not carry drugs. Penalties can be severe.

7. Take normal, sensible precautions to avoid bag snatching and pickpocketing. You should be vigilant at airports and railway stations in the large cities. Do not leave valuables unattended.

8. Ensure that you have adequate funds to return home in case of unexpected losses such as cancelled flights, stolen cash, cards, passport or luggage.

9. Don't pack too much. Co-ordinate your wardrobe.

10. The main meal of the day in Germany tends to be lunch with a light snack with beer eaten at about seven in the evening.

11. Breakfast served in homes and hotels usually consists of a boiled egg, bread rolls with jam, honey, cold cuts and cheese slices.

12. The Federal Republic of Germany has extensive sports facilities with a sports field or stadium in all larger towns. League football matches take place on Friday, Saturday and Sunday. If you love sports…

13. Traffic drives on the right.

14. The western part of the Federal Republic of Germany is covered by a modern network of motorways (Autobahnen) extending over 10,500km (6563 miles).

15. Self-drive cars are available at most towns and at over 40 railway stations.

16. The climate is temperate throughout the country with warm summers and cold winters, but prolonged periods of frost or snow are rare. Rain falls throughout the year.

Take care that you are equipped with European clothes with light- to medium-weights in summer, medium- to heavy-weights in winter.

Finland

2008-09-11T05:55:00.001-07:00

1. Hope you get to see the Midsummer's Day (Juhannus) - the most important annual event for Finns. People leave cities and towns for summer cottages to celebrate the longest day of the year. Bonfires are lit and lakeside merrymakers swim and row boats. Enthusiastic alcohol consumption is also a feature of midsummer partying.

2. Bring in enough funds for your stay. For your information, Finland was declared the world's most expensive country in 1990, right before it was hit by recession. Since then the markka has been reasonably low and prices are much more bearable.

3. Finland's three national banks have offices all over the country, but they will charge you slightly more for exchanges than private exchange bureau.

4. Travelers cheques are expensive to change. Many Finnish ATMs will accept foreign cards on the Visa or Plus system, but if they don't take your plastic, be assured that credit cards are otherwise accepted all over the country.

5. Tipping is generally not necessary anywhere. Service charge is usually included in restaurants' listed price. Bargaining will get you nowhere in most shops, but could come in handy if you're after trekking equipment or used bikes, when you might get a 10% discount if you ask nicely.

6. If you love the gallery- Helsinki contains some of the most notable art museums in Finland.

7. Baltic ferries run from Sweden, Estonia and Germany to Helsinki, Turku, Vaasa and Pietarsaari. The ferries are impressive seagoing crafts and have been compared to hotels and shopping plazas; they actually make more money from duty-free shops than they do from passenger tickets!

8. For the food lover in you-Finnish food has elements of both Swedish and Russian cuisine, but with a lot of variations. Potato is the staple food, served with various fish or meat sauces. Some traditional meals include game: try snow grouse, reindeer stew, glowfired salmon or raw pickled salmon. Strong beers, wines and spirits are sold in licensed bars and restaurants and by the state network, aptly named Alko. Coupled with strict import restrictions, this makes alcohol prices prohibitively high and merry-making a serious business.

9. Attend a Finnish rock, tango or jazz concert-Finland is one of the live music capitals of Europe... once in a lifetime opportunity, make the most of it.

10. If you take the initiative, most people will be willing to talk to you and may even enjoy the chance to practice their English (people know English and may be shy to speak) ...Do say muikku! if you're trying to get Finns to smile for a photograph: Though it means "fish" literally in Finnish, it's just like saying "cheese!" in English-speaking countries...

11. Don't keep your hands in your pockets in Finland: It's considered rude...

12. Try some of the Finnish hot snacks sold in kiosks along the streets-they're a refreshing change from the more familiar fast food franchises (which are present as well).

13. Ask about getting a reindeer-driving license...

14. Don't take your children along if you're going to see a film that has violence. They won't be allowed in.

15. Take flowers for the hostess if invited to Finnish home. If you find yourself the honored guest at a party, don't touch the wine at dinner until after a toast is made at the beginning of the meal. You will be expected to make a toast of thanks to the host and hostess as soon as the dessert wine or dessert has been served...

16. Do pick berries and mushrooms (with someone who knows which are safe to eat) at the end of the summer...Take a reindeer sled ride if you're there in the winter...

17. Be punctual for all appointments. It's considered quite rude to be more than five minutes late. Shake hands when meeting Finns, including children...

18. Watch out for reindeer and moose when you're driving. There are road signs marking areas where you're likely to encounter them...

19. Enjoy a Finnish sauna. Most Finns do so once a week-it's a cherished ritual for which, they readily invite guests. Afterwards, they jump in a shower or swim in a pool or lake or plunge through a hole in the ice. A cold beer or soda follows this...

20. Don't forget that everyone must wear seatbelts while in a car...Don't drink and drive -drunk driving laws are strictly enforced (penalties range from heavy fines to imprisonment.... and the rule of thumb is that Passports and other valuables should be left in safe custody at the hotel or apartment.

There are excellent flight connections to Finland from all over the world. Whatever time of year you visit Finland, there's something happening. Most museums and galleries are open year-round. Nevertheless, you'll probably have a better time if you come in the warmer months, either in summer or anytime from May to September. As well as the advantages of warm weather, summer is the time of the midnight sun. Despite snowfalls from November, it stays pretty sludgy until late winter: skiing isn't great until February, the coldest month, and you can ski in Lapland right through to June.

Contacts-Finland

TIME ZONE

GMT + 2 (GMT + 3 from the last Sunday in March to the Saturday before the last Sunday in September.)

TELEPHONE SERVICES

Country Code: 358
IDD: International direct dialing is available
Outgoing Code: 990 (for international enquiries from Finland dial 92020).

EMERGENCY TELEPHONE NUMBERS
Dial 112 anywhere in the EU to reach the emergency services. Additional local numbers:-Helsinki Police - 002; Doctor - 008 Ambulance and Fire - 000.

LOCAL TOURIST INFORMATION

Embassy Matkailun edistämiskeskus (Tourist Board) PO Box 625; Töölönkatu 11; 00101 Helsinki; Finland Tel: (0) 403 011 Fax: (0) 40 30 13 33.

PASSPORT INFORMATION

Valid passports are required by all except the following nationals providing they hold a valid ID card; Austria; Belgium; Denmark; France; Germany; Italy; Luxembourg; The Netherlands; and Sweden; Iceland; Liechtenstein; Norway and Switzerland. Requirements may be subject to short-term change. Contact embassy before departure.

VISA INFORMATION

Not required by the following nationals: Nationals of Great Britain (holders of British Hong Kong passports do require a visa); Australia; Canada; USA; EU; Japan. NOTE: Many other nationals do not require visas - check with the nearest authority for a complete up to date list of visa requirements for Finland.

PROHIBITED ITEMS

Food; plants; medicine and any work of art will be subject to restrictions. Import of drinks with more than 60% vol. of alcohol are prohibited.

AIRPORT DEPARTURE TAX

Not present.

RESTRICTED ENTRY

No further entry restrictions known.

HEALTH MATTERS

Typhoid, Malaria, Yellow Fever
Other Health Risks

FOOD AND DRINK

Water is considered drinkable; normal precautions should be observed with food.

CURRENCY

Markka (FMK) = 100 penniä. Exchange: banks and exchange bureaux at ports; airports; stations. All major credit cards are widely accepted. Travelers cheques are accepted throughout the country. US dollars are the preferred currency.
ATM availability: Over 2000 locations.

MONEY WIRING SERVICES

MoneyGram: 0 800 1 115198 Western Union: 9 800 20440

CREDIT CARD EMERGENCY NUMBERS

Amex: 9 125 1600
Diners Club: (358) 8009 5555
Finland Visa: (1) 410 581 9091

TRAVELERS CHEQUES EMERGENCY NUMBERS

Finland Thomas Cook: +44 1733 318950 Finland

BANKING HOURS

0915 - 1615 Mon. to Fri.

COST OF LIVING

Relatively expensive. Similar to other Scandinavian countries.

LANGUAGES

Finnish. Swedish and English may also be spoken.

WEATHER

The climate is temperate; but with considerable variation in temperatures. Summers are warm whilst winters Oct - Mar are very cold. The North has snow cover from mid Oct to mid May.

RELIGIONS

Mostly Lutheran with others including; Finnish Orthodox; Baptists; Methodists; Free Church; Roman Catholic; Jews and Muslim.

PUBLIC HOLIDAYS

2000: Jan 01; 06. Apr 21-24; 30-May 01. June 01; 11; 23-24. Nov 04; Dec 06; 24 -26.
2001: Jan 01; 06. Apr 21-24; 30-May 01. June 01; 11; 23-24. Nov 04; Dec 06; 24 -26.

POST

3 days within Europe.

RADIO FREQUENCIES

BBC: 15.07 12.09 9.410 6.195 VOA: 11.97 9.760 6.040 5.995.

WOMEN IN SOCIETY

Generally safe, women need to exercise caution while traveling alone.

TRANSPORT

FLIGHTS:Cheap tickets can be found to the various airports throughout the country.
RAIL: Cheap and efficient; various discount schemes operate depending on status e.g. group travel 'Interail' and 'Scanrail'.
ROAD: A well developed road system; use of horns is frowned upon. (Signs indicate warnings of reindeer and other wildlife on the road)
BUS: An excellent network of routes is available offering cheap offers to specific groups.
CAR HIRE: Normally drivers should have at least 1 year's driving experience.

Cyprus

2008-09-11T05:54:00.001-07:00

1. Rewind… for some information on Cyprus- since 1974, Cyprus has been divided by the so-called Green Line. Turkey essentially controls the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, while Greece calls most of the shots in the Republic of Cyprus. Most Cypriots in the Republic speak English and many road signs are in Greek and English.

2. The Cyprus Tourism Organization (CTO) has offices in the major towns of the republic.

3. Take medical insurance. Medical treatment is not free in Cyprus and hospital bills (and medical repatriation) can be very expensive.

4. Travel on a return ticket. Bring enough funds with you as bank transfers can take time.

5. In the Republic during summer, banks are open Monday to Friday from 8.15 am to 12.30 pm and on Monday afternoons from 3.15 to 4.45 pm; some large banks offer a tourist service other afternoons. In North Cyprus they are open from 8 am to noon and in winter from 2 to 4 pm also.

6. In both parts of the island a 10% service charge is sometimes added to a restaurant bill, but if not, offer a similar tip. Taxi drivers and hotel porters appreciate a small tip.

7. Bargaining in the markets is not usual.

8. Cyprus is cheaper to visit than most European countries and in North Cyprus costs are still lower.

9. Banks throughout Cyprus exchange cash or travelers cheques in all major currencies.

10. You can get a cash advance on Visa, MasterCard, Diners Club, Eurocard and American Express at major banks; ATM's are plentiful.

11. You can make overseas calls from most from all telephone boxes, but they only accept phonecards bought from newsagents, some banks or the Republic's telephone company.

12. Check Foreign and Commonwealth Office Travel Advice before traveling.

13. Hiring a car, moped, boat or other vehicle? Do check beforehand: Is it road-or seaworthy? Wear a helmet (legal requirement) when on a moped and drive carefully - even a minor fall can ruin your holiday.

14. Remember you are a guest in the country and respect Cypriot law. Prison sentences have been imposed for crimes.

15. Too much sun - especially if mixed with alcohol - can result in dehydration and lead to health problems.

16. Enter next of kin details into the back of your passport.

17. You should be aware of strong seas and undertows. Always heed warning signs and swim only from approved beaches.

18. Cyprus has the lowest murder rate in Southern Europe (2.5 per 10,000 people).

The lifestyle here is easy going; the crime rate is low. All this makes Cyprus sound like a paradise, perhaps it would be, were it not for the long running dispute between the Greeks and the Turks resulting in the partition of the island.

Contacts-Cyprus

TIME ZONE

GMT +2 (GMT + 3 from the last Sunday in March to the Saturday before the last Sunday in September)

TELEPHONE SERVICES
Country Code: 357
IDD: Direct dialling is available
Outgoing Code: 00 EMERGENCY

TELEPHONE NUMBERS

All services - 199

LOCAL TOURIST INFORMATION

Cyprus Tourism Organisation; PO Box 4535; 19 Limassol Avenue; Melkonian Building; Nicosia Cyprus Tel: (2) 337 715 Fax: (2) 334 696.

PASSPORT INFORMATION

Passports must be valid for 3 months after date of departure for visitors not requiring visas. Those requiring visas must have their passport valid for at least 6 months from the point of departure. Return ticket is required. Contact consulate before traveling.

VISA INFORMATION

VISAS required by all except: Nationals of Great Britain; Australia; Canada; USA; EU; Japan. Nationals of Commonwealth countries (except nationals of Bangladesh; Bermuda; Pakistan who do require visas. Nationals of Bahrain; Fiji; Iceland; Kuwait; Liechtenstein; Norway; Oman; Poland; Qatar; Romania; Russia; San Marino; Saudi Arabia; Switzerland; United Arab Emirates and Yugoslavia (Consult Embassy if passport as issued before the outbreak of civil war).

PROHIBITED ITEMS

Narcotics.

AIRPORT DEPARTURE TAX

C(£) 7 payable in local currency.

RESTRICTED ENTRY

Passports stamped with 'Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus'.

HEALTH MATTERS

Typhoid Malaria Yellow Fever Other Health Risks

FOOD AND DRINK

Water is considered drinkable; normal precautions should be observed with food.

CURRENCY

Cyprus Pound (C£) = 100 cents. Travelers cheques can be cashed in all banks; US dollars; Pound sterling and the Deutschemark are all accepted currencies. All major credit cards are accepted.
ATM availability: Approximately 200 locations.

MONEY WIRING SERVICES

MoneyGram: Available at all Avis Rent-a-Car locations. Western Union: Available.

CREDIT CARD EMERGENCY NUMBERS

Amex: +44 1273 696933
Diners Club: 357 2 446974
Cyprus Visa: (1) 410 581 9091

TRAVELERS CHEQUES EMERGENCY NUMBERS

Cyprus Thomas Cook: 080 91029 Cyprus

BANKING HOURS

Generally 0815 - 1230; in tourist areas 1530 -1730 (winter) and 1630 -1830 (summer).

COST OF LIVING

Slightly cheaper than Western Europe.

LANGUAGES

Mostly Greek. Turkish, English, German, and French are also spoken.

WEATHER

Mediterranean climate. Hot Dry Summers with mild winters. Rainfall is most likely during the winter.

RELIGIONS

Greek Orthodox and Muslim minorities.

PUBLIC HOLIDAYS

2000: Jan 01; 06. Mar 12; 25; Apr 01; 28- May 01; Jun 19; Aug 15; Oct 01; 28; Dec 25; 26.
2001: Jan: 01; 06; Feb 26; Mar 25; Apr 01; 13; 16; May 01; Jun 04; Aug 15; Oct 01; 28; Dec 25-26.

POST

Approximately 3 days to Europe. Poste Restante facilities are available in the main cities and resorts.

RADIO FREQUENCIES

BBC: 15.07 12.09 9.410 6.180 VOA: 11.90 9.700 9.530 6.060.

WOMEN IN SOCIETY

Traditional roles persist among the older generation. Around the capital city views are influenced by western culture. Usual precautions should be observed.

TRANSPORT

BUS: Services are cheap and efficient.
CAR HIRE: Widely available and considered to be the best way of seeing the island.

Chile

2008-09-11T05:53:00.001-07:00

1. Check with your embassy before traveling.

2. This is for your information…There is a Chilean embassy in Canada. And also in Montreal, actually a consulate and they provide lots of information and other need-to-know facts. They are located at 1010 Sherbrooke St. West, suite 816. (514) 499-0405

3. Have a local take you around the island to the major sites as well as some isolated caves to see rock art.

4. Do not stand on any of the moai or ahu. They are considered sacred to the Rapa Nui people- a fact many of us are totally unaware of.

5. Knowledge of Spanish is an advantage. Chileans for the most part are friendly and very tolerant but without the language it makes for a superficial appreciation of the place.

6. Get travel and medical insurance to cover the expense during your visit.

7. This tip is for those who grow anxious spending time away from a ready supply of coffee. Very often the visitor is offered the Nescafe tin of freeze-dried instant shavings, a thermos flask and a spoon.

8. Consult your doctor before traveling, keep a record of health problems if any.

9. The Instituto Geografico Militar (IGM) has great Maps. It is at Dieciocho 369 in Santiago, and has a very helpful staff.

10. If you have bought any souvenirs which use animal or plant parts, e.g. rainsticks, then you are unlikely to be able to bring them into the country.

11. Book your flight as early as you can.

12. Be sure to take sunscreen, water, and a hat, as it can be rather hot.

13. To buy maps for the rest of Chile- a good place is at Oficina 1506, General del Lanto 105 in Provedencia. This is actually a map-making office and they have good trekking maps for most of the country.

14. Take care of your belongingsincidents of robbery are common.

15. Land mines have been placed all around San Pedro and further north to protect the country if Argentina decides to attack. So if you decide to hitchhike don't wander too far.

16. Two hills that you must visit are Cerro Santa Lucia and Cerro San Cristobal. Cerro Santa Lucia is downtown. The closest metro station is "Santa Lucia". This is the hill where Santiago was founded in the fifteenth century. It has some fascinating 19th century ruins and a cannon that is shot every day at noon. Don't get a fright when you hear it. It is a very nice but steep walk. Don't wear slippery shoes.

17. Cerro San Cristobal is a must-see. It provides a magnificent view over the city of Santiago with the Andes in the background. At the top is a chapel and huge statue of the virgin who watches over the city.

18. There are rickety cable cars (telefericos) that take you up. It also has a small but pleasant Japanese garden, which is well worth a visit. You can drive up the hill or walk- it's a fair distance. Alternatively, you can take the Funicular too.

19. Rapa Nui/'Easter Island/Isla de Pascua. By whatever name you call it, this island is an incredible place go during the off-season (also if you can manage to go while Chile is playing in the World Cup, it wouldn't be crowded!) And, unless you are truly a sun-worshipper, the weather is not bad (rainy and misty- but not cold). Great weather for hiking.

Most of the residents are directly involved in the tourism industry. They have, nevertheless, managed to develop the tourist sector in such a way that it does not interfere much with the integrity of the island. Developments like the television, telephone, subsidized petrol and air links, a good hospital, scholarships among others are quite recent.

China

2008-09-11T05:52:00.000-07:00

1. To start with, get comprehensive travel insurance.

2. Check the Foreign and Commonwealth Office Travel Advice before you go.

3. Take medical advice on inoculations.

4. Ensure that you have enough money for the duration of your trip.

5. Respect local laws and customs, in particular those pertaining to religious activities.

6. Keep your belongings in a safe place.

7. Beware of petty thieves, especially on buses and trains and at major tourist attractions.

8. Ensure that you have a valid visa, even if you are only in transit.

9. Leave a photocopy of your passport and your itinerary with a contact in your country.

10. Enter next of kin details into the back of your passport.

11. Do not become involved with drugs, penalties can be severe, including the death penalty.

12. Do not get involved in demonstrations- if you happen to be walking on the road.

13. Do not over stay your visa. Heavy fines are normally imposed on those who do.

14. Crime against visitors is rare. However, crime does occur in Chinese cities and visitors should be cautious.

15. Extra care should be taken around street markets and when visiting popular expatriate bar areas after dark.

16. Major tourist sites also attract thieves and pickpockets. Resistance to attempted robbery can lead to violence (knives are fairly common).

17. China is periodically subject to earthquakes and the Karakorum and Khunjerab pass routes can be hazardous during the summer months due to landslides.

18. The poor quality of roads and generally low driving standards lead to many, sometimes-serious accidents.

19. Several incidents of overcrowded ferries sinking and leading to loss of life have occurred- so be careful.

20. There are restrictions on their undertaking certain religious activities, including preaching and distributing religious materials.

Visa is required and cannot be obtained on arrival. Carefully check your visa validity, as fines can be levied for overstaying. The most authentic Chinese cuisine comes from China. Needless to say, don't miss that.

Brazil

2008-09-11T05:48:00.001-07:00

1. You can experience a lifetime! For hundreds of years, Brazil has symbolized the great escape into a primordial, tropical paradise, igniting the Western imagination like no other South American country.

2. Passport must be valid for at least 90-days from date of entry. Visa is required for a tourist- stay of 90 days, one extension is possible.

3. Health risks include Chagas' disease, dengue fever, malaria, meningitis, rabies and yellow fever.

4. Time: GMT/UTC minus 3 hours in the east, northeast, south and southeast; GMT/UTC minus 4 hours in the west; and GMT/UTC minus 5 hours in the far west

Electricity: Unstandardized; 110 or 120V, 60 Hz in Rio and São Paulo

Weights & measures: Metric.

5. A visit to Brazil is comfortable throughout the year - it's only the south, which can be unbearably sticky in summer and non-stop rainy in winter that has extreme seasonal changes. With many Brazilians on summer vacation from December to February, travel can be difficult and expensive, while from Rio to the south the humidity can be oppressive.

6. Summer is also the most festive time of year, as Brazilians leave their apartments and take to the beaches and streets. School holidays begin in mid-December and go through to Carnaval, usually in late February.

7. Brazil's most famous festival is Carnaval, beginning at midnight on the Friday before Ash Wednesday and lasting for five days.

8. Currency: reai (plural 'reais') -After the long-expected devaluation of the currency in 1999, many people anticipated explosive inflation. So far, however, exchange rates and prices have held steady.

9. If you're traveling on buses every couple of days, staying in hotels for US$20 a night, and eating in restaurants and/or drinking in bars every night, US$50 is a rough estimate of what you would need. If you plan to lie on a beach for a month, eating rice and beans every day, US$25 would be enough. Bear in mind that prices for accommodation increase 25-30% from December to February.

10. Credit cards are now accepted all over Brazil. Visa is the best card to carry for cash advances. Changing cash and travelers' cheques is simple - there are cambios in all but the tiniest towns. Unfortunately, it has become harder to exchange cash since the devaluation. It's worth having enough cash to tide you over the weekend, when finding a change bureau, even in big cities, can be difficult. When buying cash, ask for lots of small bills, as change is often unavailable for small transactions.

11. Most services get tipped a mandatory 10%, often included in the bill. If a waiter is friendly and helpful, you may like to give more. Because of the massive unemployment in Brazil, services that may seem superfluous are customarily tipped. Parking assistants are most notable as they receive no wages, but petrol-station attendants, shoe shiners and barbers are also frequently tipped. Taxi drivers are an exception: most people round the price up, but a tip is not expected.

12. Bargaining for hotel rooms should become second nature - always ask for a better price. You should also haggle in markets and unmetered taxis.

13. There are great spots for hang-gliding in Rio, especially around Pedra Bonita, near Pepino beach. Surfing is popular all along the coast. Other activities like sailing, fishing, rock climbing, hiking and Futebol (soccer) also take place.

14. Most of the country has noticeable seasonal variations in rain, temperature and humidity, but only the south of Brazil has extreme seasonal changes. The Brazilian winter is from June to August, with the coldest southern states receiving average winter temperatures of between 13°C and 18°C (55°F and 64°F). In summer (December to February), Rio is hot and humid, with temperatures in the high 30°Cs (80°Fs); the rest of the year, temperatures hover around 25°C (77°F). The northeast coast gets as hot as Rio but is less humid and stifling. In general, the highlands are less hot and humid, and are prone to summer rainfalls. The Amazon basin is the rainiest part of Brazil, and while it is humid, temperatures average a reasonable 27°C (80°F).

15. There are frequent flights to Rio from all major cities in South America. Other gateway airports in Brazil include São Paulo, Recife, popular with German package tourists, and Manaus, capital of the state of Amazonas, which is halfway between Rio and Miami. Varig, Brazil's national airline, flies to many major cities in the world. For international flights, the departure tax is a whopping US$36.

16. Did you know that Brazil has land borders with every other country in South America, with the exceptions of Ecuador and Chile, so while some travelers may bus in from Uruguay in the south, others arrive via the trem da morte (death train) from Bolivia.

17. Flying within Brazil is becoming cheaper, thanks to recent deregulation. Shop around for promotional specials - many fares are cheaper at night. The domestic departure tax averages US$8.

18. Except in the Amazon basin, buses are the primary forms of long-distance transportation for the vast majority of Brazilians, and services are generally excellent and cheap. All major cities are linked by frequent buses; for example, there's at least one every 15 minutes between Rio and São Paulo during peak hours.

19. There are very few railway passenger services in Brazil and the trend to cut more and more services continues; however, some wonderful railway routes remain in operation, including the Curitiba-Paranaguá run.

20. Although river travel in Brazil has decreased due to the construction of a comprehensive road network, it is still possible to travel by boat along the Amazon. In case you want to…

Brazilian culture has been shaped not only by the Portuguese, who gave the country its religion and language, but also by the country's native Indians, the considerable African population, and other settlers from Europe, the Middle East and Asia.

Brazilian music has always been characterized by great diversity and, shaped by musical influences from three continents and it is still developing new and original forms. The samba, which reached the height of popularity during the 1930s, is a mixture of Spanish bolero with the rhythm of African music.

Belgium

2008-09-11T05:47:00.001-07:00

1. The country has plenty to fascinate travelers - it is the birthplace of Tintin and his dog Snowy, Jean Claude Van Damme; the Smurfs( Les Schtroumpfs); Joseph Merlin, inventor of roller skates, Leo Baekeland, inventor of plastic.

2. If you want to see the finest museums in Belgium, you must see the Horta museum in Brussels; Begijnhof in Bruges; the In Flanders Fields Museum in Ypres; and Rubens' House in Antwerp.

3. Bag snatching and pick pocketing is prevalent, even in reputable hotels. You should be vigilant in Brussels at major railway stations, while boarding a train, on the underground, buses and trams, and particularly in the vicinity of Rondpoint Schuman and Gare du Midi.

4. Do not leave valuables such as handbags or mobile phones visible in your car. Keep car doors locked at all times.

5. Take only a minimum amount of cash, credit cards and personal ID when you go out. Leave jewelry in a secure place (e.g. hotel safe deposit), along with bank details, address books and other valuable personal effects.

6. Most of these tips are meant to make your trip a great! Easy emergency numbers are 101(police) and 101(fire/ ambulance).

7. For treating minor ailments, head to an apotheek/ pharmacie (chemist); tourist offices and hotels can assist in finding a ziekenhuis/hopital(hospital) with an English speaking doctor.

8. Elaborate details can be obtained from the Belgian Embassy.

9. Adequate comprehensive (medical) insurance would be an advantage for you.

10. Check Foreign and Commonwealth Office Travel Advice before traveling.

11. Don't drink and drive- the benefit is yours.

12. Enter next of kin details into the back of your passport.

13. Belgium has a mild, maritime climate. Carry clothes to match the weather.

14. Belgian cuisine is highly regarded throughout Europe- combining French style with German portions. The national dish is mosselen (mussels) cooked in white wine and served with a mountain of frites.

15. Eating out is expensive.

16. This deserves to be mentioned- the quality of Belgium beer is excellent and the variety incomparable.

17. One problem you may face is the Linguistic divide. The most confusing part will be on the road- when you are following a particular sign.

18. The national tourist office books accommodation for free and has camping &hotel leaflets and booklets on guesthouses.

The historically rich towns, serenity of the hilly Ardennes with the busy bars and cafes give that blend, which makes the place truly worthwhile.

Contacts-Belgium

TIME ZONE

GMT + 1

TELEPHONE SERVICES

Country Code: 32
IDD: International direct dialling is available
Outgoing Code: 00

EMERGENCY TELEPHONE NUMBERS

Dial 112 anywhere in the EU to reach the emergency services. Additional local numbers:- Police - 101; Fire; Ambulance - 100; or from a mobile phone - 112.

LOCAL TOURIST INFORMATION

Office de promotion du Tourisme Wallonie-Bruxelles; 61 rue Marché-aux-Herbes; B-1000 Brussels; Belgium Tel: (2) 504 0390 Fax; (2) 504 0270.

PASSPORT INFORMATION

Valid passport required by all: except nationals of EU countries and nationals of Andorra; Liechtenstein; Malta; Monaco; San Marino and Switzerland providing they carry a national ID card. Return Ticket required. Requirements may be subject to short-term change.
Contact embassy before departure.

VISA INFORMATION

Required by all except: Nationals of Great Britain; Australia; Canada; USA; EU; Japan; Andorra; Argentina; Brazil; Brunei; Chile; Costa Rica; Cyprus; Czech Republic; Ecuador; El Salvador; Guatemala; Honduras; Hungary; Iceland; Israel; Jamaica; South Korea; Liechtenstein; Malawi; Malaysia; Malta; Mexico; Monaco; New Zealand; Nicaragua; Norway; Panama; Paraguay; Poland; San Marino; Singapore; Slovak Republic; Slovenia; Switzerland; Turkey (if resident in an EU country and have a residence permit valid for a further 4 months); Uruguay; Vatican City and Venezuela.

PROHIBITED ITEMS

Unpreserved meat products. Other preserved foodstuffs must be declared.

AIRPORT DEPARTURE TAX

BFr250/530.

HEALTH MATTERS

Typhoid, Malaria, Yellow Fever, Other Health Risks: Rabies

CURRENCY

Belgian Franc (Bfr) = 100 centimes Credit cards and Travelers cheques are widely accepted. US dollars are the preferred currency.
ATM availability: Over 2000 locations.

MONEY WIRING SERVICES

MoneyGram: 0800 7 1173 Western Union: 0800 99088.

CREDIT CARD EMERGENCY NUMBERS

Amex: +44 1273 696933
Diners Club: No local number.
Belgium Visa: 0800 7 1460

TRAVELERS CHEQUES EMERGENCY NUMBERS

Belgium Thomas Cook: 0800 1 2121 Belgium

BANKING HOURS

0900 - 1200 and 1400 - 1600 Mon. to Fri. Some banks are open 0900 - 1200 Sat.

COST OF LIVING

Relatively expensive.

LANGUAGES

Dutch and French.

WEATHER

Warm from May - Sept; and snow likely during the winter months.

RELIGIONS

Mostly Roman Catholic with small minorities of Protestants and Jews.

PUBLIC HOLIDAYS

2000: Jan 01; Apr 24; May 01; Jun 01; 12; Jul 21; Aug 15; Nov 01; 11; 15; Dec 25- 26.
2001: Jan: 01; Apr 16; May 01; 24; Jun 04; Jul 21; Aug 15; Nov 01; 11; 15; Dec 25

POST

2- 3 days to other European destinations. Poste Restante is available in the main cities.

RADIO FREQUENCIES

BBC: 11.78 6.195 3.955 0.648 VOA: 15.20 11.97 9.670 6.040

WOMEN IN SOCIETY

Similar values as in the rest of Western Europe.

TRANSPORT

RAIL: A dense; regular service operates. A reduced rate card can be purchased for unlimited discounts for 1 month period.